家庭结构变动、社会支持与老年人心理健康——基于CHARLS数据的研究  

Changes in the Family Structure,Social Support and Mental Health of Older Adults:Empirical Research Based on Data from CHARLS

作　　者：赵周华[1,2] 姚茗曦 宋婷 ZHAO Zhouhua;YAO Mingxi;SONG Ting(School of Economics and Management,Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology,Baotou 014017,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China;Development Foundation of Jiziwan Section in the Yellow River,Baotou 014010,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China;School of Economics and Management,Binzhou Polytechnic,Binzhou 256600,Shandong Province,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古科技大学经济与管理学院,内蒙古包头014017 [2]黄河“几字弯”发展研究基地,内蒙古包头014010 [3]滨州职业学院经济管理学院,山东滨州256600

出　　处：《老龄科学研究》2025年第2期60-78,共19页Scientific Research on Aging

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“老龄化背景下我国农村老年多维贫困的测度、致贫因素及扶贫政策研究”(71964027);内蒙古哲学社会规划一般项目“内蒙古老年家庭多维贫困的测度、致贫因素及扶贫政策研究”(2018NDB084);内蒙古自然科学基金面上项目“老龄化背景下中国老年相对贫困的识别及治理研究”(2021MS07018);2022年度自治区直属高校基本科研业务费项目“老龄化背景下中国老年多维相对贫困的识别及长效治理机制研究”。

摘　　要：我国经济社会的发展和转型使老年群体的心理健康状况随之发生变动,其中社会转型带来的家庭结构变动已成为影响老年人心理健康的重要因素。基于CHARLS 2018年、2020年微观数据,探究家庭结构变动的五种类型对老年人心理健康的影响,并深入研究社会支持在这一影响中的作用机制。研究发现:第一,家庭结构变为独居、变为夫妻同住、变为三代及以上同住、变为隔代同住,会显著影响老年人的心理健康水平;家庭结构变为与子女同住对老年人心理健康的影响不显著;第二,家庭结构变动对老年人心理健康的影响具有性别异质性;第三,社会支持包括社会保障、代际经济支持和代际关系,社会保障与代际关系在家庭结构变动对老年人心理健康的影响中起调节作用,代际经济支持在家庭结构变为独居、变为夫妻同住、变为三代及以上同住、变为隔代同住对老年人心理健康的影响中起遮掩作用。China's economic and social development and transformation have led to changes in the mental health of the elderly population,among which changes in family structure brought about by social transformation have become an important factor affecting the mental health of the elderly population.Based on the microdata from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)in 2018 and 2020,this paper explored the impact of five family structure changes on the mental health of older people.It also delved into the mechanism of action of social support in this process.It is found that,firstly,the change of family structure to living alone,husband and wife living together,to three or more generations living together,and to grandparent-grandchild households significantly affects the objective mental health of older people;while the change of family structure to living with children has no significant effect on older people's objective mental health.Secondly,the impact of changes in family structure on the mental health of older adults is gender-heterogeneous.Thirdly,social support includes social security,intergenerational relationships and intergenerational economic support,of which the first two factors play a moderating role in the impact of changes in family structure on mental health of older adults;intergenerational economic support plays a concealing role in the impact on the mental health of the elderly as family structures shift towards single living,cohabitation of couples,multi-generational living,and intergenerational cohabitation.

关 键 词：老年人 家庭结构 社会支持 心理健康 

分 类 号：C924.24[社会学—人口学] D669.6[政治法律—政治学] B844.4[政治法律—中外政治制度]