住院高血压患者的膳食多样化及相关因素分析  

Dietary diversity and related factors in hospitalized hypertensive patients

作　　者：王楚耘 袁润 廖中凯[2] 高铭佑 卞瑾[3] 王宣 陈纪春[1] 李响[1] WANG Chuyun;YUAN Run;LIAO Zhongkai;GAO Mingyou;BIAN Jin;WANG Xuan;CHEN Jichun;LI Xiang(Department of Nutrition,Fuwai Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100037,China;Department of Cardiac Surgery,Fuwai Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100037,China;Department of Hypertension,Fuwai Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100037,China;Department of Endocrinology,Fuwai Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100037,China)

机构地区：[1]北京协和医学院中国医学科学院阜外医院营养科,北京100037 [2]北京协和医学院中国医学科学院阜外医院心外科,北京100037 [3]北京协和医学院中国医学科学院阜外医院高血压科,北京100037 [4]北京协和医学院中国医学科学院阜外医院内分泌科,北京100037

出　　处：《中国分子心脏病学杂志》2025年第1期6581-6586,共6页Molecular Cardiology of China

基　　金：中国营养学会营养科研基金(CNS-YUM2022-161)。

摘　　要：目的 评估住院高血压患者膳食多样化的基本情况,并分析其相关影响因素。方法 采用食物频数法调查高血压患者每日或每周各类食物的摄入情况,并计算膳食多样性评分(dietary diversity score, DDS)。应用logistic回归模型探讨患者膳食多样化程度的相关影响因素,并予以性别和城乡分层分析。结果 本研究纳入364例高血压住院患者。研究对象的DDS中位得分为8.00(7.00,9.00),DDS≥7分者占87.4%,城市和农村居民DDS≥7分者分别占89.9%和80.4%。农村居民摄入禽肉类、鱼肉类和坚果类食物的人数比例明显低于城市居民(P均<0.05),乳品类比例也略低(P=0.066)。与<40岁者相比,40岁以上者DDS较低,年龄50~60岁者的DDS显著降低(OR=0.270,95%CI:0.106~0.688);农村居民DDS明显低于城市(OR=0.400,95%CI:0.183~0.876)。技术劳动者DDS明显高于体力劳动者(OR=2.869,95%CI:1.219~6.753)。结论 高血压患者的膳食多样化程度因年龄、城乡居住环境以及职业不同而存在差异,应重点关注年龄50~60岁者、农村居民和体力劳动者的健康膳食多样化指导。Objective To assess the basic situation of dietary diversity in hospitalized hypertensive patients and to identify the related influencing factors. Methods The food frequency method was employed to investigate the daily or weekly intake of various types of food among hypertensive patients, with the dietary diversity score(DDS) subsequently calculated. The logistic regression model was used to investigate the factors associated with dietary diversity among patients, with stratification by gender and urban-rural classification. Results This study included 364 hospitalized patients with hypertension. The median dietary diversity score(DDS) of the study subjects was 8.00(7.00, 9.00), with 87.4% of participants scoring DDS≥7. The proportion of urban residents scoring DDS≥7 was 89.9%, while the corresponding figure for rural residents was 80.4%. The proportion of rural residents consuming poultry, fish, and nuts was significantly lower than that of urban residents(P<0.05), and the proportion consuming dairy products was also slightly lower(P=0.066). Compared with individuals under 40 years old, those aged 40 years and above had a lower DDS. The DDS was found to be significantly lower among individuals aged 50-60 years(OR=0.270, 95%CI: 0.106-0.688). Furthermore, the DDS was found to be significantly lower among individuals living in rural areas compared with their urban counterparts(OR=0.400, 95%CI: 0.183-0.876). A significant difference was observed in DDS between the technical and manual laborer group(OR=2.869, 95%CI: 1.219-6.753). Conclusions The dietary diversity of hypertensive patients varied according to age, urban or rural living environment, and occupation. There should be a focus on providing health dietary diversity guidance for those aged 50-60,rural residents, and manual laborers.

关 键 词：高血压 膳食多样化 农村 城市 

分 类 号：R544.1[医药卫生—心血管疾病]