花绒寄甲自然种群和商品化种群的发育特性及性别鉴定  

Developmental characteristics and sex identification of natural and commercial populations of Dastarcus helophoroides

作　　者：汪乾 陈坚 赵真辉 周友军 刘萌霞 梁光红[1] WANG Qian;CHEN Jian;ZHAO Zhenhui;ZHOU Youjun;LIU Mengxia;LIANG Guanghong(College of Forestry,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350002,China;Shiqian Forestry Bureau,Tongren,Guizhou 555100,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学林学院,福建福州350002 [2]石阡县林业局,贵州铜仁555100

出　　处：《福建农林大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第3期309-316,共8页Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(32301602);福建省林业科技推广项目(2023TG16)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究花绒寄甲(Dastarcus helophoroides)自然种群和商品化种群的发育特性及其雌、雄成虫形态特征之间的差异,为其种群的有效复壮和林间合理释放提供依据。【方法】以花绒寄甲自然种群和商品化种群为研究对象,比较各虫态生长发育特性;在体视显微镜下观察和比较雌、雄成虫的鞘翅端角区、肛板顶角角度、肛板两侧缘拐点位置、肛板长度与宽度之比、肛板刻窝共5个外部形态特征和生殖器构造的差异。【结果】花绒寄甲两个种群的卵—蛹历期存在显著差异,自然种群的幼虫期、预蛹期和蛹期均显著长于商品化种群。自然种群的卵孵化率和幼虫存活率以及蛹长、蛹宽和蛹质量显著大于商品化种群。采用单一特征鉴别性别时,依据肛板长度与宽度之比或肛板顶角角度鉴定的准确率最高,均为86.67%;综合多个特征鉴别性别时,依据肛板顶角角度和肛板长度与宽度之比鉴定的准确率最高,为88.33%。【结论】花绒寄甲商品化种群卵—蛹历期较自然种群缩短,且部分性状出现退化现象。依靠肛板顶角角度和肛板长度与宽度之比对该虫进行无损伤性别鉴定比较可靠。【Objective】Differences in the developmental characteristics and morphological characteristics of female and male adults between natural and commercial populations of Dastarcus helophoroides were explored,so as to provide the basis for effective rejuvenation of the population and reasonable release in the forest.【Method】The growth and developmental characteristics of natural and commercial D.helophoroides populations at all stages were compared on 5 external morphological characteristics and genital structures under stereomicroscope,which included elytra terminal angle,the angle of anal plate apex,inflection point on both sides of anal plate,the ratio of length to width of anal plate,and the groove of anal plate.【Result】There were significant differences in egg and pupae duration between the two populations,which the natural population had significantly longer durations of larval,pre-pupal and pupal periods,and significantly higher egg hatching rate,larval survival rate,pupa length,pupa width and pupa quality than those of the commercial population.When a single feature was used for sex identification,the highest accuracy was acchieved based on the angle of anal plate apex or the ratio of length to width of anal plate with 86.67%;when multiple features were used for sex identification,the highest accuracy was arrived based on the combination of the angle of anal apex angle and the ratio of anal length/width with 88.33%.【Conclusion】The stage of egg to pupa of the commercial D.helophoroides population was shorter than that of the natural population,and some of the features were even degraded.And nondestructive sex identification based on the angle of anal plate apex and the length/width ratio of anal plate is reliable.

关 键 词：花绒寄甲 生物学特性 发育历期 成虫 性别鉴定 

分 类 号：S763.3[农业科学—森林保护学]