马铃薯疮痂病菌拮抗细菌的分离鉴定及生防效果测定  

Isolation and characterization of antagonistic bacteria of potato common scab and determination of biocontrol effect against the disease

作　　者：张铉哲[1] 李建国 陈莹莹 赵雪[1] 陈念洲 周淑宁 颜硕 袁欣 ZHANG Xuanzhe;LI Jianguo;CHEN Yingying;ZHAO Xue;CHEN Nianzhou;ZHOU Shuning;YAN Shuo;YUAN Xin(School of Plant Protection,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学植物保护学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《东北农业大学学报》2025年第1期21-31,共11页Journal of Northeast Agricultural University

基　　金：农业农村部科技教育司项目(13220135);黑龙江省经济作物病害防治横向课题(2024HXZB010)。

摘　　要：由链霉菌引起的疮痂病是马铃薯重要的土传病害,对马铃薯产业造成巨大经济损失。研究从患疮痂病的马铃薯根际土壤中分离得到2株对马铃薯疮痂病菌MDJ-1(Streptomyces scabies)拮抗作用较好的菌株NEJ-1和NEJ-5。结果表明:2株生防菌发酵菌液对疮痂病菌抑菌圈直径分别为43.72、40.89 mm。根据形态学、生理生化特性和分子生物学方法,确定NEJ-1为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)、NEJ-5为枯草芽孢杆菌(B.subtilis)。对拮抗菌NEJ-1和NEJ-5生防因子检测结果表明:NEJ-1和NEJ-5均有产嗜铁素、分泌IAA、解磷、解钾、固氮促生作用,以及产纤维素酶、蛋白酶、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶、果胶酶等降解酶。采用LC-MS分析抑菌活性更强的NEJ-1的脂肽类抑菌物质,检测结果显示,其主要含有杆菌毒素D、伊枯草菌素A、表面活性素和芬芥素。盆栽防效测定结果表明:NEJ-1和NEJ-5均可降低疮痂病发病率和病情指数,防治效果分别为66.11%和51.34%。Potato scab is a soil-borne disease caused by pathogenic Streptomyces spp.and causes significant economic losses to the potato industry.In this study,two strains of antagonistic bacteria,NEJ-1 and NEJ-5,were isolated from the inter-root soil of potatoes affected by Streptomyces scabies.The results showed that the diameters of the inhibition zone of the two strains against S.scabies were 43.72 and 40.89 mm,respectively.Based on the morphological,physiological and biochemical characteristics and molecular biological methods,NEJ-1 was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and NEJ-5 as B.subtilis.The results of the biocontrol factors showed that both NEJ-1 and NEJ-5 had the ability to produce ferrophilic pigments,the ability to secrete IAA,the ability to promote the production of phosphorus solubilization,potassium solubilization and nitrogen fixation,and the ability to produce degrading enzymes,such as cellulase,protease,β-1,3-glucanase and pectinase.LC-MS was used to analyze the lipopeptide inhibitory substances of NEJ-1,which had stronger inhibitory activity,and the results showed that it mainly contained Bacillomycin D,Iturin A,Surfactin and Fengycin.The results of the control effect measurement in pots showed that both NEJ-1 and NEJ-5 reduced the disease incidence of potato common scab and the disease index,and the control effect was 66.11%and 51.34%,respectively.

关 键 词：马铃薯疮痂病 生物防治 芽孢杆菌 抑菌物质 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学] S476