皖南油茶叶部可培养内生真菌对炭疽病菌的拮抗作用  

Antagonistic effect of cultivable endophytic fungi in leaves of Camellia oleifera from Southern Anhui on anthracnose pathogen

作　　者：汤强[1,2] 胡江昕 刘玉军[3] 常晓云 陈名君[2,4] TANG Qiang;HU Jiangxin;LIU Yujun;CHANG Xiaoyun;CHEN Mingjun(Wuhu Institute of Technology,Wuhu Anhui 241003,China;Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Green Control for Major Forestry Pests,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,China;Anhui Academy of Science and Technology,Hefei 230088,China;Engineering Research Center of Fungal Biotechnology,Ministry of Education,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,China)

机构地区：[1]芜湖职业技术学院,安徽·芜湖241003 [2]重大林业有害生物绿色防控安徽省重点实验室(安徽农业大学),合肥230036 [3]安徽省科学技术研究院,合肥230088 [4]真菌生物技术教育部工程研究中心(安徽农业大学),合肥230036

出　　处：《东北农业大学学报》2025年第1期32-41,共10页Journal of Northeast Agricultural University

基　　金：安徽省高校自然科学研究重大项目(2022AH040298);安徽省高校科研计划项目(2024AH050480);安徽省高校优秀拔尖人才培育项目(gxgwfx2020066)。

摘　　要：油茶炭疽病是影响油茶产量和质量的真菌性病害,安全高效的生物防治油茶炭疽病是提高油茶产量的重要途径之一。为分析皖南山区油茶炭疽病的病原,筛选出该病害绿色生物防治的生防真菌,采用组织分离法,获得皖南山区油茶叶部可培养内生真菌和油茶炭疽病病原真菌;采用平板对峙法筛选出具有拮抗作用的内生真菌菌株,采用菌丝体和发酵液抽提物验证其抑菌效果。结果表明:从健康油茶叶部分离出180株内生真菌,隶属于7科7属16种,其中间座壳孢属和刺盘孢属是优势属,分别有7种和4种。经形态学特征和分子序列片段比对,皖南山区油茶炭疽病病原真菌为果生炭疽菌;从180株可培养内生真菌中初步筛选出生防菌榆树间座壳(YC202107-105)、梭状间座壳(YC202107-100、YC202107-115)和核桃间座壳(YC202110-170)。采用生防真菌菌丝体和发酵液抽提物进行抑菌试验,发现4个菌株中梭状间座壳(YC202107-100)菌丝体发酵液抑菌效率最高,达78.27%;发酵液抽提物抑菌试验结果显示,榆树间座壳(YC202107-105)抑菌效率最高,达43.04%。不同地理分布的油茶炭疽病病原菌可能不同,皖南山区油茶叶部可培养内生真菌丰富,但物种多样性相对单一。筛选出4株对油茶炭疽病菌具有较好抑菌效果的生防菌,为油茶炭疽病生物防治提供研究基础和新的菌株材料。Anthracnose is a fungal disease that significantly affects the yield and quality of Camellia oleifera.Safe and efficient biological control is one of the important ways to improve the yield of C.oleifera.To clarify the pathogen of C.oleifera anthracnose in the mountainous areas of southern Anhui and screen for biocontrol fungi for green biological control of this disease.This study used tissue isolation methods to obtain culturable endophytic fungi from the leaves and the pathogenic fungi of C.oleifera in southern Anhui;additionally,plate confrontation methods were used to screen for endophytic fungal strains with antagonistic effects,and their antifungal effects were verified using mycelium and fermentation broth extracts.The research results showed that 180 strains of endophytic fungi were isolated from the healthy C.oleifera leaves,belonging to seven families,seven genera,and 16 species.Among them,the genera of Diaporthe and Colletotrichum were dominant genera,with seven and four species,respectively.According to morphological characteristics and molecular sequence fragments comparison,the pathogenic fungus of in C.oleifera anthracnose in southern Anhui was C.fructicola;from the 180 culturable endophytic fungi,biocontrol fungi such as D.eres(YC202107-105),D.fusicola(YC202107-100 YC202107-115),and D.biguttulata(YC202110-170)were preliminarily screened.Antifungal experiments were carried out using the mycelium and fermentation broth extract of biocontrol fungi,and it was found that among the four strains,the mycelium fermentation broth of YC202107-100 had the highest antifungal efficiency,reaching 78.27%;the results of the antifungal experiment of the fermentation broth extract showed that the antifungal efficiency of YC202107-105 was the highest,reaching 43.04%.It could be seen that the pathogenic fungal of C.oleifera anthracnose in different geographical distributions might be different.The culturable endophytic fungi in the C.oleifera leaves in southern Anhui were rich,but the species diversity was relatively

关 键 词：油茶 内生真菌 炭疽病 拮抗作用 

分 类 号：S794.4[农业科学—林木遗传育种]