强排式精量穴施肥装置设计与试验  

Design and experiment of forced discharge type precision hole fertilization device

作　　者：周文琪[1] 刘存良 安天昊 宋超 路衢 王耀 ZHOU Wenqi;LIU Cunliang;AN Tianhao;SONG Chao;LU Qu;WANG Yao(School of Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学工程学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《东北农业大学学报》2025年第1期112-123,共12页Journal of Northeast Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1500401,2022YFD2001401-02);黑龙江省自然科学基金研究团队项目(TD2023E001);黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(NYQ2022E004);东北农业大学2023青年领军人才支持计划(NEAU2023QNLJ-018)。

摘　　要：针对玉米中耕追肥时期化肥利用率低、施用量大、穴式肥料施用效果差等问题,设计了一种用于颗粒肥料穴式施用的强排式精量穴施肥装置,确定影响排肥轮性能的主要因素,并在排肥轮中设计了强排式排肥板机构,阐述其结构和工作原理。构建排肥轮充肥和排肥过程中的力学模型,运用离散元软件EDEM和动力学软件Adams进行耦合仿真分析,对排肥装置的排肥性能进行仿真试验,确定排肥轮的最优结构参数为排肥壁倾角35.2°、排肥槽深度10.7 mm、排肥槽工作长度30 mm;结合最优结构参数,分析强排式排肥板机构对排肥性能的影响;通过台架试验,探究不同作业速度对试验指标的影响规律,在同等条件下与仿真试验结果对比分析,相关参数指标与仿真试验结果一致,验证了强排式排肥板对肥料成穴性能的优化效果。装置整体性能稳定,满足排肥作业要求。To address the problems of low fertilizer utilization rate,large application amount and poor effect of hole fertilizer application in the period of corn intertillage and topdressing,forced discharge type precise hole fertilization device for granular fertilizer hole application was designed.The main factors affecting the performance of the fertilizer discharge wheel were determined.Then,forced discharge type fertilizer discharge plate mechanism was designed in the fertilizer discharge wheel,with its structure and working principle expounded.The mechanical models in the fertilizer filling and discharging processes of the fertilizer discharge wheel were constructed.Coupling simulation analysis was carried out using the discrete element software EDEM and the dynamics software Adams.Simulation tests on the fertilizer discharge performance of the fertilizer application device were conducted to determine the optimal structural parameters of the fertilizer discharge wheel:the angle of the right wall of the fertilizer tank was 35.2°,the depth of the fertilizer tank was 10.7 mm,and the working length of the fertilizer tank was 30 mm.Under the optimal structural parameters,the influence of forced discharge type fertilizer discharge plate mechanism on the fertilizer discharge performance was analyzed.Through bench tests,the influence laws of different operating speeds on the test indicators were explored.Under the same conditions,a comparative analysis was made with the simulation test results.The relevant parameter indicators were basically consistent with the simulation test results,verifying the optimization effect of forced discharge type fertilizer discharge plate on the fertilizer holeforming performance.The overall performance of the device was stable and met the requirements of fertilizer discharge operations.

关 键 词：穴施肥 排肥装置 排肥板 耦合仿真 

分 类 号：S224.21[农业科学—农业机械化工程]