高寒地区混播方式及比例对牧草生产性能的影响  

Effects of Mixed Sowing Method and Proportion on Forage Production Performance in Alpine Region

作　　者：曹铨 童永尚 张正社 张春平 俞旸[1,2,3] 刘玉祯 杨晓霞 刘文亭 董全民 CAO Quan;TONG Yong-shang;ZHANG Zheng-she;ZHANG Chun-ping;YU Yang;LIU Yu-zhen;YANG Xiao-xia;LIU Wen-ting;DONG Quan-min(Veterinary Medicine and Academy of Animal Science,Qinghai University,Xining,Qinghai Province 810016,China;Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Adaptive Management on Alpine Grassland,Xining,Qinghai Province 810016,China;Key Laboratory of the Alpine Grassland Ecology in the Three Rivers Region,Ministry of Education Qinghai University,Xining,Qinghai Province 810016,China;State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture,Qinghai University,Xining,Qinghai Province 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,青海西宁810016 [2]青海省高寒草地适应性管理重点实验室,青海西宁810016 [3]青海大学三江源区高寒草地生态教育部重点实验室,青海西宁810016 [4]青海大学省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《草地学报》2025年第4期1172-1180,共9页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1302104);青海大学青年科研基金项目(2022-QNY-12)资助。

摘　　要：为明确高寒地区牧草混播及其比例对牧草生产性能的影响,选择‘青引1号’燕麦(Avena sativa)分别与‘饲油2号’油菜(Brassica napus)、‘华油杂62号’油菜、箭筈豌豆(Vicia sativa)及‘青海13号’蚕豆(Vicia faba)以0∶10,5∶5,7∶3,10∶0比例混播,测定了不同处理下牧草产量和营养品质,量化了土地当量比(Land equivalent ratio,LER)、相对产量(Relative yield,RY)、相对产量总值(Total relative yield,RYT)及燕麦竞争比率(Competition ratio,CR)4个指标,并运用TOPSIS综合评价模型评价了混播效果。结果表明,与单播相比,燕麦与豆科及十字花科牧草混播能够显著提高牧草干物质产量及品质。所有混播处理中的LER和RYT值均大于1。在燕麦与‘华油杂62号’油菜、燕麦与‘青海13号’蚕豆5∶5混播系统中,燕麦的竞争比率小于1,而在其他混播系统中则大于1。综合评价表明,燕麦与‘青海13号’蚕豆5∶5混播为最佳组合,其次是燕麦与‘青海13号’蚕豆7∶3混播。To clarify the effects of forage mixed sowing method and its proportion on the forage production performance in alpine region,‘Qingyin No.1’oats(Avena sativa)was mixed with‘Feed rape No.2’‘Huayouza No.62’,Common vetch and‘Qinghai No.13’broad bean in ratio of 0∶10,5∶5,7∶3 and 10∶0,respectively.Forage yield and nutritional quality under different treatments were determined.Land equivalent ratio(LER),relative yield(RY),relative total yield(RYT)and oat competition ratio(CR)were quantified under different mixed sowing methods,and the effects of mixing was evaluated by using the TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation model.The results showed that mixed sowing oats with legumes and cruciferous forages could significantly improve the dry matter yield and quality of forages compared to monoculture.LER and RYT values were greater than 1 under all mixed systems.The competition ratios of oats were less than 1 in the oats and‘Huay⁃ouza No.62’mixed sowing system and the oats with‘Qinghai 13’broad bean 5∶5 mixed system,and were greater than 1 in the other mixed sowing systems.Comprehensive evaluation showed that oats and‘Qinghai No.13’broad bean at 5∶5 mixed ration was the best,and followed by 7∶3.

关 键 词：高寒地区 混播方式 混播比例 生产性能 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]