长时间尺度草地物种多样性-群落稳定性关系及机制  

Relationship and Mechanism between Species Diversity and Community Stability in Long-term Grassland

作　　者：祁旭阳 王欣雨 尹子鸣 马晓瑞 杨梦茹 王子临 王亦波 田慧慧 拓行行 张添佑 李伟[2] QI Xu-yang;WANG Xin-yu;YIN Zi-ming;MA Xiao-rui;YANG Meng-ru;WANG Zi-lin;WANG Yi-bo;TIAN Hui-hui;TUO Hang-hang;ZHANG Tian-you;LI Wei(College of Grassland Agriculture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi Province 712100,China;College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi Province 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学草业与草原学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学水土保持科学与工程学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《草地学报》2025年第4期1239-1248,共10页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF1302800);国家自然科学基金项目(42277464);陕西省重点研发项目(2024SF-YBXM-545);四川省交通运输科技项目(2018-ZL-15)资助。

摘　　要：从长时间尺度揭示草地物种多样性和群落稳定性的变化模式、关系及其潜在机制是生态学研究的核心目标之一。本研究基于宁夏云雾山典型草原40年的长期定位试验,利用Patrick物种丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数等作为物种多样性的衡量指标,应用数学分解方法将群落稳定性分解为种群稳定性、异步性、补偿效应和统计平均效应,通过一般线性模型、随机森林模型等方法,探究了物种多样性-群落稳定性的关系及其内在机制。结果表明:1982—2021年,草地物种多样性和群落稳定性均表现为“单峰状”变化模式;物种多样性与群落稳定性以正相关关系为主;不同机制与群落稳定性呈正相关关系,且对群落稳定性变异解释度排序为种群稳定性(94%)>异步性(86%)>统计平均效应(64%)>补偿效应(46%)。综上所述,四种机制均贡献了群落稳定性的维持,但统计平均效应比补偿效应更为关键。Revealing the patterns,relationships,and potential mechanisms of changes in grassland species diversity and community stability on long time scales is one of the core objectives of ecological research.Based on a 40-year long-term monitoring experiment in a typical steppe in Yunwu Mountain,Ningxia,this study used Patrick’s species richness index,Shannon-Wiener diversity index,and other indicators to measure species diversity.By applying mathematical decomposition methods,community stability was broken down into population stability,asynchrony,compensatory effects,and statistical averaging effects.Using general linear models and random forest models,the relationships and underlying mechanisms between species diversity and community stability were explored.The results showed that from 1982 to 2021,both grassland species diversity and community stability exhibited a“unimodal”pattern of change.Species diversity was predominantly positively correlated with community stability.The different mechanisms were all positively correlated with community stability,with their explanatory power for community stability variation ranked as follows:population stability(94%)>asynchrony(86%)>statistical averaging effect(64%)>compensatory effect(46%).In summary,all four mechanisms contributed to the maintenance of community stability,but the statistical averaging effect was more critical than the compensatory effect.

关 键 词：时间尺度 物种多样性 群落稳定性 异步性 种群稳定性 统计平均效应 

分 类 号：Q145.2[生物学—生态学]