从“宪政”到“共和”:土司制度终结问题再探  

From“Constitutionalism”to“Republic”:Further Exploration of the End of the Tusi System

作　　者：郗玉松[1] XI Yu-song(School of Histoical Culture and Tourism,Zunyi Normal University,Zunyi,Guizhou 563006,China)

机构地区：[1]遵义师范学院历史与文化学院,贵州遵义563006

出　　处：《遵义师范学院学报》2025年第2期14-18,共5页Journal of Zunyi Normal University

基　　金：贵州省哲学社会科学规划重点项目“明清时期督抚治理贵州史料整理与研究”(23GZZD03)。

摘　　要：土司制度终结问题是土司制度研究中的重要问题。土司制度是一个整体性的行政制度,其施政主体为元明清时期的中央王朝,推行的区域为西南、西北的少数民族地区。清末,朝廷推行宪政,提出不再使用土司,要求改土归流,废除土司。民国时期,土司制度专制性特征与民国时期民主共和的国体相悖,因此,民国时期历任中央政府从未承认和推行土司制度,而是不断改土归流,裁撤土司。因此,从“宪政”和“共和”的视角来看,专制性的土司制度终结于清末。1911年2月12日,清政府民政部的《各省土司拟请改设流官以资治理恭折具陈仰祈圣鉴事》一折,提出将各省土司改设流官,是土司制度终结的标志。The end of the Tusi system is an important problem in the study of the Tusi system. Tusi system is an overall administrativesystem, its policy subject is the central dynasty in the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, and the region is the minority areas in the southwestand northwest. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the court carried out constitutional government, proposed not to use Tusi, and askedto change the land and abolish Tusi. During the period of the Republic of China, the autocratic characteristics of the Tusi system werecontrary to the democratic republic of the Republic of China. Therefore, the central governments of the Republic of China never recognizedand implemented the Tusi system, but constantly changed the land to the flowand cut the Tusi. Therefore, fromthe perspective of“constitutionalism”and“republican”, the autocratic Tusi systemended in the late Qing Dynasty. On February 12th, 1911, the Ministryof Civil Affairs of the Qing government Each provincial Tusi plans to request the establishment of officials to serve as officials in chargeof governance, is a sign of the end of the Tusi system.

关 键 词：宪政 共和 土司制度 终结 

分 类 号：K251[历史地理—历史学]