自然、人事与革新:论元代瘴疠对土司制度形成的历史影响  

Nature,Human Affairs and Innovation:The Impact of Malaria on the Formation of the Chieftain Systemfrom the Perspective of the Unified Yuan Dynasty State

作　　者：咸成海 XIAN Cheng-hai(School of History Culture and Tourism,Zunyi Normal University,Zunyi 563006,China)

机构地区：[1]遵义师范学院历史文化与旅游学院,贵州遵义563006

出　　处：《遵义师范学院学报》2025年第2期19-23,共5页Journal of Zunyi Normal University

基　　金：遵义师范学院教育部高等学校红色经典艺术教育示范基地项目“传统礼乐文化关照下的元朝赵孟頫音乐思想研究”(HYSJD24002);“课程思政视域下贵州地方史浸润大学生家国情怀的三重逻辑探究”(KCSZ2024023)。

摘　　要：元朝混一南北后以土司制度的方式,取代唐宋以来对多民族聚居地区的“羁縻”做法,实现了民族领域制度的历史性变革、系统性重塑和整体性重构。但实际上,元代土司制度的建立还与当地复杂的“瘴疠”环境有关。因此元朝借助当地土官进行治理,建立起对四川、云南、湖广等行省民族地区的土司制度。可以说,土司制度的产生和发展,是元初积极因“瘴”制宜的结果,它大幅提升了大一统国家治理瘴地的能力,为明清两代土司制度的进一步发展奠定了基础。After the Yuan Dynasty unified the north and the south,it replaced Jimi(羁縻) approach towards multi-ethnic areas that hadbeen in place since the Tang and Song Dynasties with the Chieftain System,achieving a historic transformation,systematic reshapingand overall reconstruction of the ethnic governance system. In fact,the establishment of the Chieftain System was also related to thecomplex "malaria" environment in the local areas. Therefore,the Yuan Dynasty relied on local officials to govern and established theChieftain System in ethnic areas of provinces such as Sichuan,Yunnan and Hubei. It can be said that the emergence and developmentof the Chieftain Systemwas the result of the Yuan Dynasty's proactive adaptation to the "malaria" conditions at the beginning of its rule.It significantly enhanced the ability of the unified state to govern malaria-stricken areas and laid the foundation for the further developmentof the Chieftain Systemin the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

关 键 词：元朝 瘴疠 土司制度 民族交往交流交融 

分 类 号：K247[历史地理—历史学]