基于烟囱效应的动车组电气柜散热器设计与优化  

Design and Optimization of Radiator of Electric Cabinet for EMU Based on Chimney Effect

作　　者：李思聪 梁泉 LI Sicong;LIANG Quan(Fujian University of Technology,Fuzhou Fujian 350000)

机构地区：[1]福建理工大学,福建福州350000

出　　处：《中国科技纵横》2025年第5期84-88,共5页China Science & Technology Overview

摘　　要：动车组电气柜是高速列车关键设备,负责配电、逻辑控制以及信号反馈。其安装环境狭窄且半封闭,温升问题突出,会影响列车运行安全。为了满足动车组电气柜的散热需求,本文设计了一种基于烟囱效应的自然对流散热器方案。该方案在电气柜后门板上安装矩形薄片金属翅片,并加装金属盖板形成窄高空腔,增大热压差,提升散热效率,使温度分布更均匀。此外,本文进一步分析了翅片结构参数对散热效果的影响,并利用优化软件Design Expert进行多目标协同优化,得到最佳翅片结构参数组合,即高度152.99mm、厚度4.90mm、间距14.67mm。仿真结果显示,安装该烟囱式散热器后,电气柜内电器件最高温升降低至54.4K,散热性能提升约24.2%,优于传统4台强制对流冷却风机的散热效果。The electrical cabinet in high-speed train EMUs(Electric Multiple Units)serves as a critical component,responsible for power distribution,logical control,and signal feedback.Its installation environment is narrow and semienclosed,leading to prominent temperature rise issues that compromise train operational safety.To address the cooling requirements of the EMU electrical cabinet,a natural convection heat sink design based on the chimney effect is proposed.This design involves installing rectangular thin metal fins on the rear door panel of the cabinet and adding a metal cover to form a narrow,high-altitude cavity,thereby enhancing the thermal pressure difference,improving heat dissipation efficiency,and achieving a more uniform temperature distribution.Further analysis was conducted on the impact of fin structural parameters on heat dissipation performance,and use optimization software Design Expert for multi-objective collaborative optimization,obtain the optimal combination of fin structure parameters:height 152.99mm,thickness 4.90mm,spacing 14.67mm.Simulation results indicate that after installing this chimney-style heat sink,the maximum temperature rise of electrical components within the cabinet is reduced to 54.4K,with a heat dissipation performance improvement of approximately 24.2%,surpassing the cooling effect of traditional four forced convection cooling fans.

关 键 词：烟囱效应 散热器 电气柜 翅片 

分 类 号：U266[机械工程—车辆工程]