论数据产权保护的理论分野、实践考察与法律实现  

The Theoretical Divergence Theoretical Divergence,Practical Investigation and Legal Realization of Data Property Rights Protection

作　　者：付薄霖 Fu Bolin(Intellectual Property Research Centre,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan,Hubei 430073)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学知识产权研究中心,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《长江论坛》2025年第2期99-108,共10页Yangtze Tribune

基　　金：中南财经政法大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金研究生科研创新平台项目“知识产权强国背景下专利开放许可制度虚置化问题对策研究”(项目编号:202511009)。

摘　　要：以数据为新型生产要素的数字经济已进入新时代,数据产权保护却存在制度缺陷。理论界形成“赋权保护”和“行为规制”2种模式,在具体赋权保护路径上出现“物权”“知识产权”“数据财产权”3种选择。从立法和司法视角观之,国内数据产权保护主要通过著作权保护、反不正当竞争保护、商业秘密保护3种法律手段实现;欧盟倡议的数据综合治理、美国主张的数据自由流通、日本依托的竞争法规范是比较法上的研究典范。总之,数据产权保护的客体范畴是“数据集合”,数据集合的保护模式将处于多元并存状态,赋权保护的立法选择可参照知识产权框架。The digital economy,with data as a new production factor,has entered a new era,yet there are institutional deficiencies in the protection of data property rights.The theoretical community has formed two models:"empowerment protection"and"behavioral regulation".In terms of specific paths for empowerment protection,three options have emerged:"property rights""intellectual property rights"and"data property rights".From the perspectives of legislation and judiciary,the protection of data property rights in China is primarily through three legal means:copyright protection,anti-unfair competition protection,and trade secret protection.In comparative law,the EU's initiative for comprehensive data governance,the U.S.'s advocacy for free data circulation,and Japan's reliance on competition law norms serve as exemplary research paradigms.In summary,the object of data property rights protection is the"data collection",the protection models for data collections will coexist in a pluralistic state and the legislative choice for empowerment protection can refer to the intellectual property rights framework.

关 键 词：数据产权 数据赋权保护 数据行为规制 数据知识产权 

分 类 号：D912.29[政治法律—民商法学]