马克思与“道德政治”的两条进路  

Marx and the Two Approaches of“Moral Politics”

作　　者：程汉 Cheng Han

机构地区：[1]吉林大学哲学社会学院,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《马克思主义理论学科研究》2025年第3期49-59,共11页Studies on Marxist Theory

基　　金：吉林省社会科学基金博士青年项目“亚当·斯密与马克思的文明观比较研究”(2024C23)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：马克思与西方近代政治哲学中“道德政治”的关系问题,是马克思政治哲学研究中尚未得到充分阐释的重大问题。西方近代政治哲学中“道德政治”有两条进路,即以卢梭、康德为代表的先验主义进路和以休谟、斯密为代表的经验主义进路。“道德政治”的先验进路最根本的困难在于,无法通过先验道德法则切中市民社会的经济现实,这也是马克思的政治哲学探索在黑格尔法哲学批判时期遭遇的根本性难题。而“道德政治”的经验进路避免了先验进路的根本难题,从中引申出关于市民社会的政治、经济和道德问题的探讨,这也为马克思的政治经济学批判提供了重要的理论资源和批判对象。考察马克思与“道德政治”的两条进路的关系问题,有助于进一步深化对马克思与近代政治哲学关系的理解。The relationship between Marx and amoral politicso in modern western political philosophy remains a significant yet underexplored issue in studies of Marx's political philosophy.Modern western moral politics encompasses two distinct approaches:the transcendentalism approach represented by Rousseau and Kant,and the empiricism approach represented by Hume and Smith.The fundamental challenge of the transcendentalism approach lies in its inability to address the economic realities of civil society through a transcendental moral principlesDa problem central to Marx's critique of Hegel's philosophy of right during his exploration of political philosophy.In contrast,the empiricism approach avoids this core issue of the transcendentalism tradition,instead fostering discussions on the political,economic,and moral dimensions of civil society.This approach also provided Marx with critical theoretical resources and targets for his critique of political economy.Examining the relationship between Marx and these two approaches to moral politics deepens our understanding of Marx's engagement with modern political philosophy.

关 键 词：道德政治 政治国家 市民社会 政治经济学 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]