超亲水-超疏水海绵的制备及其污染物吸附与油水分离  

Preparation of a superhydrophilic-superhydrophobic sponge and its application in pollutant adsorption and oil-water separation

作　　者：郑博 彭姣[1,2,3] 王静 郭远选 金士威 ZHENG Bo;PENG Jiao;WANG Jing;GUO Yuanxuan;JIN Shiwei(School of Chemistry and Materials Science,South-Central Minzu University,Wuhan 430074,China;Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education,Wuhan 430074,China;Hubei Engineering Technology Research Centre of Energy Polymer Materials,Wuhan 430074,China;Linhai Industrial Investment Service Co.,Ltd,Linhai 317000,China)

机构地区：[1]中南民族大学化学与材料科学学院,湖北武汉430074 [2]催化转化与能源材料化学教育部重点实验室,湖北武汉430074 [3]湖北能源高分子材料工程技术研究中心,湖北武汉430074 [4]临海市工投产业服务有限公司,浙江临海317000

出　　处：《武汉工程大学学报》2025年第2期143-150,共8页Journal of Wuhan Institute of Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52272102);中南民族大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(CZZ23014)。

摘　　要：合成一种具有高比表面积和良好生物降解性的环境友好材料,以实现高效油水分离、有机污染物的吸附脱色以及重金属离子处理的目的。以过硫酸铵为引发剂,分别将丙烯酸(AA)、海藻酸钠(SA)引入到海绵中。通过以乙酸乙酯为溶剂分散气相SiO_(2)纳米粒子和聚二甲基硅氧烷,超声处理5 min得到均匀分散的超疏水涂料。在海绵的5个表面喷涂制备的超疏水涂料,干燥后得到超亲水-超疏水SA-聚丙烯酸(PAA)-超亲水聚乙烯醇(PVA)海绵。对该表面的接触角、形貌和成分进行表征以证明材料的成功合成。实验发现:超亲水-超疏水海绵对重金属离子Cu^(2+)、Pb^(2+)、Zn^(2+)和Cr^(3+)的最大吸附量分别为102.06、97.37、108.54、117.76 mg/g。此外,超亲水-超疏水SA-PAA-PVA海绵对甲基蓝溶液显示出优异的吸附脱色效果,不同初始质量浓度的甲基蓝溶液经海绵吸附处理后质量浓度均小于0.5 mg/L,该海绵还可用于轻质油水分离。该材料的制备工艺简单、有工业应用的潜力,为解决水污染问题提供了思路。An environmentally friendly materials with high specific surface area and good biodegradability was synthesized to achieve efficient oil-water separation,adsorption of organic pollutants,decolorization,and treatment of heavy metal ions.Using ammonium persulfate as an initiator,acrylic acid(AA)and sodium alginate(SA)were introduced into the sponge,respectively.A uniformly dispersed superhydrophobic coating was obtained by using ethyl acetate as a solvent to disperse gas-phase SiO_(2) nanoparticles(NPs)and polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS),followed by ultrasonic treatment for 5 minutes.The prepared superhydrophobic coating was sprayed onto five surfaces of the sponge.After drying,the superhydrophilicsuperhydrophobic SA-PAA-PVA sponge was obtained.The contact angle,morphology,and composition of the surface were characterized to prove the successful synthesis of the material.Experimental results showed that the maximum adsorption capacities of this sponge for heavy metal ions(Cu^(2+),Pb^(2+),Zn^(2+)and Cr^(3+))were 102.06,97.37,108.54 and 117.76 mg/g,respectively.In addition,it exhibited excellent adsorption and decolorization effects on methylene blue solution.After methylene blue solutions with different initial mass concentrations were treated with the sponge,the mass concentrations were all less than 0.5 mg/L.The sponge can also be used for light-oil/water separation.With the simple preparation process,the sponge has great potential for industrial applications,providing a new approach to solving water pollution issues.

关 键 词：聚乙烯醇海绵 丙烯酸 超疏水 分离 吸附 

分 类 号：O647.3[理学—物理化学]