多元主体协同治理:养老机构应急政策文本的三维分析  

Multi-Agent Collaborative Governance:A Three-Dimensional Analysis of Emergency Policy Texts for Elderly Care Institutions

作　　者：陈珊[1] 雷琳逍 CHEN Shan;LEI Lin-xiao(School of Law and Sociology,Xihua University,Chengdu,Sichuan,610065,China)

机构地区：[1]西华大学法学与社会学学院,四川成都610039

出　　处：《西华大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第3期76-93,共18页Journal of Xihua University(Philosophy & Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“我国失能老人权益保障困境与治理研究”(项目编号:20BRK032);教育部“春晖计划”项目“我国灾后住房恢复重建法制研究”(项目编号:S2015041);西华大学研究生科创竞赛项目“老龄友好型社会理念下应急管理政策量化分析与优化策略”(项目编号:YK20240096)。

摘　　要：为老年弱势群体提供全日集中住宿和照料护理服务的养老机构,正面临着日趋严峻的应急风险,精准制定并有效实施相关应急政策对保障老年人生命安全和养老机构稳健运营至关重要。文章运用PPRR模型和灰色关联度模型,从政策工具—政策执行主体—政策作用阶段3个维度构建分析框架,对现有养老机构应急政策文本予以编码,并基于编码结果对政策外部特征、单维度和多维度交叉分析后发现,我国养老机构应急政策存在忽视老年人及其家属实际需求,应急管理模式单一、各主体协同性不佳,政策文本分布零散、基础支撑领域政策缺失以及重建与恢复阶段政策覆盖不足等问题。为此,提出树立以老年人为中心的价值导向、健全多元主体协同治理格局、优化政策体系架构及完善养老机构全过程应急抗逆性建设等改进措施,系统提升养老机构应急政策效能。Elderly care institutions,which provide full-time centralized accommodation and care for vulnerable elderly popula-tions,are increasingly exposed to serious emergency-related challenges.The precise formulation and effective implementation of emer-gency policies are essential for protecting the lives of elderly residents and maintaining institutional stability.This study adopts the PPRR model and employs Grey Relational Analysis to construct a three-dimensional analytical framework,focusing on policy tools,implementation agents,and policy action phases.Emergency policy documents related to elderly care institutions were systematically coded and analyzed through external characteristics,single-dimensional assessments,and multi-dimensional cross-comparisons.The findings highlight several critical issues:current policies often overlook the real needs of elderly residents and their families;emer-gency management approaches are overly uniform and lack coordination across agencies;policy distribution is fragmented,with inad-equate foundational support;and policies related to post-disaster recovery and reconstruction are insufficient.To address these chal-lenges,the study proposes a set of improvement measures,including adopting an elderly-centered policy orientation,establishing a multi-agent collaborative governance model,refining the policy framework,and strengthening end-to-end emergency resilience in eld-erly care institutions.These comprehensive strategies aim to significantly enhance the effectiveness of emergency governance in the elderly care sector.

关 键 词：养老机构 应急治理 PPRR模型 政策工具 政策分析 多元主体协同治理 

分 类 号：D632.5[政治法律—政治学] X4[政治法律—中外政治制度]