基于亲和作用力的外泌体高效分离方法的经典策略和研究进展  

Typical strategy and research progress of efficient isolation methods of exosomes based on affinity interaction

作　　者：王海燕 谢沛涓 乔晓强[1] 张丽媛 WANG Haiyan;XIE Peijuan;QIAO Xiaoqiang;ZHANG Liyuan(School of Pharmacy,Hebei University,Baoding 071002,China;Institute of Advanced Science Facilities,Shenzhen 518107,China)

机构地区：[1]河北大学药学院,河北保定071002 [2]深圳综合粒子设施研究院,广东深圳518107

出　　处：《色谱》2025年第5期413-423,共11页Chinese Journal of Chromatography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(22274035,21974017);河北大学创新团队(IT2023A06).

摘　　要：外泌体是大多数细胞分泌的细胞外囊泡的一个特殊亚类,存在于血液、尿液、唾液、羊水、乳汁等各种生物体液中,也存在于各种组织和细胞间隙中,是细胞间通讯的重要介质。越来越多的研究表明,基于外泌体的液体活检有望成为疾病早期诊断、治疗监测以及预后评估的重要手段,高质量外泌体的分离则是保障后续相关诊断及治疗结果准确性和可重复性的前提和保障。然而,由于外泌体在样本中丰度较低,且与体液中的类似成分(如细胞碎片、蛋白质)共存,如何在复杂的生物样本中实现其高效的分离仍具有挑战性。目前,基于外泌体的物理、化学和生物特性,已发展出多种外泌体分离技术。近年来,基于亲和作用力的外泌体高效分离方法克服了传统分离方法的局限性和弊端,在科研和临床中得到了广泛应用。本文聚焦外泌体分离富集领域,系统综述了近年来基于亲和作用力的外泌体分离富集方法,并对外泌体分离富集方法的发展前景进行了分析和展望,期望为外泌体分离方法新策略的构建及应用提供参考。Exosomes form a subclass of extracellular vesicle that are secreted by most cells and found in nearly all body fluids,including blood,urine,saliva,amniotic fluid,and milk,as well as in various tissues and intercellular spaces.Exosomes have recently been recognized as crucial intercellular communication mediators,and an increasing number of studies have shown that exosomes are important liquid-biopsy tools that play irreplaceable roles in the diagnosis,prognosis,and treatment of diseases.The ability to isolate high-quality exosomes is a prerequisite for diagnosing and subsequently treating diseases in an accurate and repeatable manner.However,efficiently isolating exosomes from complex biological samples is challenging owing to their relatively low abundances and interference from non-vesicular macromolecules(such as cell debris and proteins).To date,various isolation techniques based on the physical,chemical,and biological characteristics of exosomes have been developed.Indeed,efficient affinity-interaction-based methods have recently overcome the limitations and drawbacks of traditional exosome isolation methods and are widely used in scientific research and clinical applications.This review focuses on exosome isolation and enrichment,and systematically reviews recent research progress on efficient isolation methods based on affinity interactions.Developmental prospects of exosome isolation and enrichment directions are analyzed with the aim of providing a reference for the construction and use of new exosome-isolation strategies.

关 键 词：外泌体 生物标志物 亲和作用 分离富集 研究进展 

分 类 号：O658[理学—分析化学]