硬质合金腐蚀行为的成分影响机制及研究进展  

Mechanism and Research Progress of Composition Influence on Corrosion Behavior of Cemented Carbides

作　　者：李子昱 周建斌 温光华 Li Ziyu;Zhou Jianbin;Wen Guanghua(China Tungsten and Hightech Materials Co.,Ltd.,Zhuzhou Hunan 412008,China;Zhuzhou Cemented Carbide Cutting Tools Co,Ltd.,Zhuzhou Hunan 412007,China)

机构地区：[1]中钨高新材料股份有限公司,湖南株洲412008 [2]株洲钻石切削刀具股份有限公司,湖南株洲412007

出　　处：《硬质合金》2025年第2期174-182,共9页Cemented Carbides

摘　　要：硬质合金作为“工业的牙齿”,其在复杂环境中的腐蚀失效问题显著制约性能发挥。腐蚀本质是硬质相与黏结相因电位差形成微电偶电池,导致酸性环境析氢腐蚀、中性/碱性环境吸氧腐蚀并伴随沉淀产物诱发二次腐蚀。研究表明,通过成分优化可有效提升耐蚀性:Ni基黏结相较Co基展现更优耐酸性,高熵合金黏结相通过多元合金化形成致密氧化膜实现耐蚀性与力学性能协同优化;Cr、Mo等难熔金属元素作为添加剂,可促进钝化膜生成,成为成分设计关键切入点;无黏结相体系(如纯WC基复合材料)凭借更高硬度与耐蚀性,为钴资源稀缺问题提供了无钴化替代路径。上述研究为开发低钴/无钴硬质合金及设计复杂工况适配材料提供了理论支撑,对提升金属切削工具和耐磨部件等在严苛环境下的可靠性具有重要工程价值。Cemented carbide,known as the"teeth of industry",faces significant performance limitations due to corrosion failure in complex environments.The essence of this corrosion lies in the formation of micro-galvanic cells between hard phases and binder phases due to potential differences,leading to hydrogen evolution corrosion in acidic environments and oxygen reduction corrosion with precipitates in neutral/alkaline environments,which can induce secondary corrosion.Studies show that composition optimization effectively enhances corrosion resistance.Ni-based binder phases exhibit superior acid resistance compared to Co-based ones;high-entropy alloy binder phases achieve synergistic optimization of corrosion resistance and mechanical properties through multicomponent alloying to form dense oxide films;refractory metal elements such as Cr and Mo act as additives to promote passivation film formation,serving as key entry points for composition design;binderless phase systems(e.g.,pure WC-based composites)offer higher hardness and better corrosion resistance,providing cobalt-free alternative pathways to address cobalt resource scarcity.These findings provide theoretical support for developing low-cobalt/cobalt-free cemented carbides and designing materials adaptable to complex working conditions,and have important engineering value for improving the reliability of metal cutting tools and wearresistant components in harsh environments.

关 键 词：硬质合金 腐蚀 黏结相 高熵合金黏结相 无黏结相 

分 类 号：TG172.5[金属学及工艺—金属表面处理]