我国禽流感流行趋势和疫苗研究现状  

Trends in Avian Influenza Epidemics and Current Status of Vaccine Research in China

作　　者：张涛[1,2,3,4] 张家豪 廖明 亓文宝 ZHANG Tao;ZHANG Jiahao;LIAO Ming;QI Wenbao(College of Veterinary Medicine,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510642;National Laboratory of Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory(Guangzhou),Guangzhou,Guangdong 510642;National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510642;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Zoonotic Diseases,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510642;Zhongkai College of Agricultural Engineering,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510550)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学兽医学院,广东广州510642 [2]国家禽流感专业实验室(广州),广东广州510642 [3]人兽共患病防控制剂国家地方联合工程实验室,广东广州510642 [4]广东省动物源性人兽共患病预防与控制实验室,广东广州510642 [5]仲恺农业工程学院,广东广州510550

出　　处：《中国家禽》2025年第5期141-151,共11页China Poultry

基　　金：广州市科学技术局重点研发计划项目(2023B03J1391)。

摘　　要：禽流感病毒(AIV)作为一种传染性强、突变率高的人兽共患病病原体,给我国养禽业造成巨大的隐患和损失,更对人类健康造成了严重威胁。多年来,尽管我国已经实施了诸如扑杀、强制免疫、封锁疫区等一系列传统和新型的策略来防止AIV在家禽中传播,但是AIV在国内仍然散发流行。目前,疫苗接种仍然是防控禽流感的最有效方法,禽流感灭活疫苗已获准在养禽业中大规模生产使用,而其他新型疫苗也正在研发中。文章阐述了禽流感灭活疫苗、弱毒疫苗、亚单位疫苗、病毒载体疫苗、核酸疫苗和通用疫苗的研发策略及研究现状,并分析了不同类型疫苗的优缺点,为禽流感疫苗的研发提供参考。Avian influenza virus(AIV),as a zoonotic pathogen with strong infectivity and high mutation rate,has caused substantial hidden dangers and losses to the poultry industry in China and has also posed a severe threat to human health.Despite the implementation of measures such as culling,compulsory immunization and the isolation of epidemic areas,the prevalence of AIV in domestic poultry continues.Currently,vaccination remains the most effective approach for preventing and controlling avian influenza.Inactivated avian influenza vaccines have gained approval for mass production in the poultry industry,and ongoing efforts are being directed toward the development of new vaccines.This review comprehensively addressed the research and development strategies for inactivated vaccines,live attenuated vaccines,subunit vaccines,viral vector vaccines,nucleic acid vaccines and universal vaccines for avian influenza.Furthermore,it provided a detailed overview of the current research status and presents a comprehensive analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of various vaccine types,serving as a valuable reference for the advancement of avian influenza vaccine research and development.

关 键 词：禽流感病毒 家禽 免疫 防控 疫苗 

分 类 号：S855.3[农业科学—临床兽医学]