退化程度对祁连山南麓高寒草甸土壤化学计量特征及酶活性的影响  

Effects of Degradation on Soil Stoichiometric Characteristics and Enzyme Activities in Alpine Meadow on the Southern Slope of the Qilian Mountains

作　　者：张铭洋 郭龙欣 杨永胜[1] 张莉[1] 孙玉 胥子健 张永坤 ZHANG Mingyang;GUO Longxin;YANG Yongsheng;ZHANG Li;SUN Yu;XU Zijian;ZHANG Yongkun(Key Laboratory of Plateau Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota/Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining 810008,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;College of Horticulture and Gardening,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434025,China;State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture/Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院高原生物适应与进化重点实验室/中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,青海西宁810008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]长江大学园艺园林学院,湖北荆州434025 [4]三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室/青海大学,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2025年第4期46-57,共12页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：青海省应用基础研究项目(2022-ZJ-716);国家自然科学基金(42207375)。

摘　　要：为揭示退化程度对高寒草甸土壤化学计量特征和酶活性的影响,本研究分析了祁连山南麓原生植被、轻度、中度和重度退化高寒草甸土壤pH、养分及其化学计量比和水解酶活性的变化趋势及相互作用关系。结果表明:(1)整体上,退化程度对祁连山南麓高寒草甸0~10 cm的土壤养分影响较为显著。随着退化程度的加剧,0~10 cm土壤全磷(TP)呈逐步增加趋势,无机碳(SIC)和磷钾比(P∶K)呈先稳定后增加趋势,有机碳(SOC)、全碳(TC)、全氮(TN)呈逐步下降趋势,碳磷比(C∶P)和氮磷比(N∶P)呈逐步降低趋势,土壤速效磷(SAP)呈先增加后降低再趋于稳定的趋势,土壤碳氮比(C∶N)、碳钾比(C∶K)和氮钾比(N∶K)均无显著变化。(2)随着退化程度的加剧,0~10 cm土壤β-1,4-木糖苷酶(BX)、酸性磷酸酶(AP)和β-纤维二糖苷酶(BCE)无显著变化,β-葡萄糖苷酶(BG)和β-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)呈先稳定后降低趋势。(3)蒙特卡罗检验结果表明,土壤pH、P∶K、全钾(TK)对土壤酶活性的解释率最高,分别为11.5%、11.6%、11.1%。综上,退化程度对祁连山南麓高寒草甸土壤化学计量特征及酶活性的影响主要集中在表层0~10 cm,且土壤化学计量特征显著影响土壤酶活性,监测表层土壤化学计量特征在退化高寒草甸的评估中具有重要作用。To investigate the effects of degradation on soil stoichiometry and enzyme activity in alpine meadows,this study analyzed the trends and interactions among soil pH,nutrients,stoichiometric ratios,and hydrolytic enzyme activity across native vegetation,as well as mildly,moderately,and severely degraded alpine meadows on the southern slope of the Qilian Mountains.The results showed as follows:(1)The effects of degradation on soil nutrients were primarily observed in the 0-10 cm soil layer.With increasing degradation severity,total phosphorus(TP)in the 0-10 cm layer gradually increased,while soil inorganic carbon(SIC)and the phosphorus potassium ratio(P∶K)initially remained stable before increasing.In contrast,soil organic carbon(SOC),total carbon(TC),and total nitrogen(TN)showed a gradual decline.The carbon phosphorus ratio(C∶P)and nitrogen phosphorus ratio(N∶P)showed a gradually decreasing trend.Meanwhile,soil available phosphorus(SAP)increased before declining and then stabilized,whereas the soil carbon nitrogen ratio(C∶N),carbon potassium ratio(C∶K),and nitrogen potassium ratio(N∶K)ratios showed no significant changes.(2)With increasing degradation intensity,the activites ofβ-1,4-xylosidase(BX),acid phosphatase(AP),andβ-cellobiosidase(BCE)in the 0-10 cm soil layer remained largely unchanged.However,β-glucosidase(BG)andβ-N-acetylglucosaminidase(NAG)exhibited an initial stabilization followed by a decline.(3)Monte Carlo test result indicated that soil pH,P∶K,and total potassium(TK)were the most influential factors on soil enzyme activity,with explanatory rates of 11.5%,11.6%,and 11.1%,respectively.In conclusion,the effects of degradation on soil stoichiometry and enzyme activity in alpine meadows on the southern slope of the Qilian Mountains were primarily concentrated in the 0-10 cm surface soil layer.Soil stoichiometry significantly affected enzyme activity,highlighting the importance of surface soil stoichiometric monitoring for assessing alpine meadow degradation.

关 键 词：退化程度 高寒草甸 土壤化学计量 土壤水解酶 

分 类 号：S812.2[农业科学—草业科学]