从《口述传记》看元代中央政府对西藏的治理  

The Governance in Xizang during the Yuan Dynasty from the Perspective of Gsung sgros rnam thar

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作  者:孙鹏浩 Sun Penghao

机构地区:[1]南京大学历史学院暨民族与边疆研究中心

出  处:《历史研究》2025年第2期4-27,M0003,共25页Historical Research

基  金:国家社科基金冷门绝学研究专项“藏僧传记《泽乌大士生平》及相关文献整理与研究”(24VJXG046)阶段性成果。

摘  要:元朝在西藏建立的行政体系对当地社会影响深远,但是传统宗教史家很少直述行政话题,反而常用宗教概念如“供施”等描述中央和地方的关系。因此藏文文献中未经宗教叙事改造的信息十分珍贵。从藏文宗教文本中钩沉行政信息,利用《口述传记》等更贴近当时地方人物视角的材料,可实证元朝中央行政制度对西藏地区的覆盖和西藏地方社会对中央行政管理的认可。尤其当涉及军事、税收和法律等重要领域时,西藏僧人积极运用行政和法律语言。对这类文本的解读,可从微观视角揭示元代行政制度在西藏的实施,以及西藏地区与中原地区政治文化的逐渐趋同。The administrative system established in Xizang during the Yuan dynasty had a profound impact on local society.However,traditional religious historians have rarely addressed this topic directly.Instead,they have often used religious concepts such as"patron-priest",to describe the relationship between the central and local authorities.Consequently,information from Tibetan sources about the Yuan administration without substantial religious embellishment is exceptionally valuable.One of such sources is a Tibetan text entitled Gsung sgros rnam thar(Oral Biography),which provides a local perspective on the governance in Xizang and demonstrates that the Yuan dynasty's administrative system encompassed the Xizang region and was clearly recognized by local society.It further reveals that in key areas such as military,taxation,and law,Tibetan monks actively engaged with government officials through juridical language and administrative logic.This textual archaeology offers a microhistorical insight into how the administrative systems unfolded in Xizang during the Yuan dynasty,as well as how local society underwent gradual alignment with other regions of the Yuan dynasty in terms of administration and political culture.

关 键 词:元代西藏 大一统 民族融合 央地关系 边疆治理 

分 类 号:K247[历史地理—历史学]

 

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