洪秀全的思想与太平天国统治方略  

Hong Xiuquan's Ideology and the Governance Strategies of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom

作　　者：刘晨[1] Liu Chen

机构地区：[1]北京大学历史学系

出　　处：《历史研究》2025年第2期76-99,M0005,共25页Historical Research

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“清代群体性事件与官方治理研究”(20CZS038)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“独尊上帝,开创新朝”是洪秀全的思想核心,是太平天国贯穿始终的纲领,关系太平天国经济秩序改造、政权组织建设以及社会风俗改革等各项统治方略的衍变。洪秀全的拜上帝思想是太平天国的官方意识形态及其制定内外政策的指导思想和理论基础。太平天国统称《真约》的各种典籍,鲜明体现了拜上帝思想,被用于指导各项运动实践,为绝大多数太平军官兵所熟知和贯彻,具有纲领性文献意义。太平天国的统治方略从思想到政策再到实践,始终没有跳出传统窠臼,因而导致自身蜕变。这是太平天国被称作“旧式”农民起义,以及其无法革新复兴中国并最终失败的深层原因。"Adoring God alone and establishing a new dynasty"constituted the ideological core of Hong Xiuquan,serving as the enduring guiding principle of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.This tenet shaped the evolution of its governance strategies,including the restructuring of economic order,the establishment of political institutions,and the reform of social customs.Hong Xiuquan's doctrine in the worship of God functioned as the official ideology of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom,providing both the guiding principle and theoretical foundation for its domestic and foreign policies.The scriptures collectively referred to as the True Covenant(Zhen Yue)distinctly embodied this doctrine,guiding the practical implementation of all campaigns and serving as programmatic documents widely recognized and adhered to by the maj ority of the officers and soldiers of the Taiping Army.However,the governance strategies of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom,from ideology to policy to practice,failed to transcend traditional paradigms,leading to their internal degeneration.This inherent limitation explains why the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement is categorized as a"traditional-type"peasant rebellion,as well as its ultimate failure to reform and rejuvenate China.

关 键 词：太平天国 洪秀全 《真约》 拜上帝思想 基层统治 

分 类 号：K254[历史地理—历史学]