陀思妥耶夫斯基《一个荒唐人的梦》中的“谎言”问题  

The Problem of"Lies"in Dostoevsky's The Dream of a Ridiculous Man

作　　者：孙人哲 陈新宇[1] Sun Renzhe;Chen Xinyu

机构地区：[1]浙江大学外国语学院

出　　处：《俄罗斯文艺》2025年第2期53-64,共12页Russian Literature & Arts

摘　　要：陀思妥耶夫斯基刊登于1877年《作家日记》中的短篇小说《一个荒唐人的梦》讲述了一个天堂般星球堕落的故事,但堕落的起因却隐而不露、引人猜想。事实上,小说数次出现的关键词“谎言”可能是作家暗示的堕落之源。本文试图证明,小说主人公“荒唐人”的形象属于陀氏长期关注分析的“幻想家”人物类型,“谎言”可指幻想家用臆造自我形象掩饰真我的行为,而用思想逻辑替代生命体验本身最终将招致严峻后果。《一个荒唐人的梦》既是哲理作品,同时或又寄寓了作家对农奴制改革后俄国社会普遍的懒惰与混乱思想状况的批评,以及呼吁同时代人投身实践的社会使命感。Dostoevsky's short story The Dream of a Ridiculous Man,published in the magazine A Writer's Diary in 1877,describes the corruption of a paradise-like planet,though the cause of the fall is left ambiguous.In fact,the word"lies"that appears several times in the story may be the author's hint at the source of the fall.This paper aims to demonstrate that the story's protagonist,the Ridiculous Man,belongs to the"Fantasist"character type,a recurring subject of psychological analysis in Dostoevsky's writings.The lies,"in this context,refer to the fantasist's act of fabricating an imagined selfimage to conceal his true self,and the corruption arises from the fantasist's tendency to prioritize abstract thought over lived reality.Therefore,this story can be understood as a criticism of the laziness and chaotic ideological state of Russian society after the serfdom reform,as well as the author's call for his contemporaries to engage in practical action.

关 键 词：陀思妥耶夫斯基 《一个荒唐人的梦》 《作家日记》谎言 幻想家 

分 类 号：I106.4[文学—世界文学]