故事机变:“狐狸接生婆”型(CyC15)俄罗斯民间故事的变异叙事逻辑  

The Adaptability of Tales:The Narrative Variations in Russian Folktales of“The Fox Midwife”Type

作　　者：陈学貌 马洛丹 Chen Xuemao;Ma Luodan

机构地区：[1]河南大学俄罗斯研究中心 [2]河南大学外语学院 [3]郑州大学外国语与国际关系学院

出　　处：《俄罗斯文艺》2025年第2期122-135,共14页Russian Literature & Arts

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“俄罗斯民间动物故事的叙事艺术研究”(21BWW035);河南省高校人文社会科学研究一般项目(2025-ZZJH-308)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：民间故事作为一种文学体裁和艺术形式,具有独特的共性和个性特征。民间故事在传承过程中会不断发生变异,即使是同一类型的故事,在传承中由于错位、遗忘和增删等因素的影响也会呈现出明显的变异特征。“狐狸接生婆”是世界民间故事中流传较广的民间故事类型。本文以《东斯拉夫民间故事情节比较索引》中列出的22篇“狐狸接生婆”型俄罗斯民间故事为研究对象,对故事情节和母题进行拆分、比较和分析,可以发现这些故事中的叙事变异主要有三种类型:一是情节类型内部的变异;二是情节类型外部的变异;三是故事结局的变异。故事情节类型内部和外部的双重变异促成了故事结局的叙事变异。俄罗斯民间故事既在共性之中流动,又超越共性而呈现出多元化的个性特征。Folktales,as a literary genre and art form,have unique commonalities and individual characteristics.Folktales constantly undergo variation in the process of inheritance,and even the same type of tales may exhibit obvious variation characteristics due to factors such as misplacement,forgetting,and addition/deletion during inheritance."The fox midwife"is a widely circulated type of tales in the world.This article takes the 22 Russian folktales of"The fox midwife"listed in the"Comparative Index of plots:East Slavic fairy tale"as the research object,and breaks down,compares,and analyzes its plots and motifs.There are three main types of narrative variation:1.Variation within the plot type;2.External variations in plot types;3.The variation in the ending of the tales.The dual variation of internal and external plot types contributes to the narrative variation of the story ending.Russian folktales flow within commonalities and exhibit diverse individual characteristics beyond commonalities.

关 键 词：“狐狸接生婆”变异叙事 俄罗斯民间故事 

分 类 号：I106.7[文学—世界文学]