无人机压缩空气式弹射装置研究  

Research on Compressed Air Catapult Device for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

作　　者：邓东雷 郝永平[1,2] 徐九龙 杨健 于鹏达 黄功政 DENG Donglei;HAO Yongping;XU Jiulong;YANG Jian;YU Pengda;HUANG Gongzheng(School of Mechanical Engineering,Shenyang Ligong University,Shenyang 110159,Liaoning,China;School of Equipment Engineering,Shenyang Ligong University,Shenyang 110159,Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳理工大学机械工程学院,辽宁沈阳110159 [2]沈阳理工大学装备工程学院,辽宁沈阳110159

出　　处：《火炮发射与控制学报》2025年第2期17-23,共7页Journal of Gun Launch & Control

摘　　要：传统方式起飞的旋翼无人机到达目标位置的飞行时间过长使其在战场上的应用存在局限性。设计了一种以压缩空气为动力源的无人机弹射装置,使无人机能够在较短时间内获得一定初速并达到对应高度。利用求解流固耦合模型软件AUTODYN建立储气瓶不同初始压强、不同泄流尺寸的弹射装置模型,分析了发射体速度、位移与时间关系图,结果表明,在0.3~0.8 MPa之间,发射体初速度随着初始压强和泄流尺寸的增加而增大,发射体由于压缩空气流量不足造成的筒内速度波动可通过提升初始压强、增大泄流尺寸有效改善;并在此基础上搭建试验样机进行测试,多次试验结果表明:当初始压强为0.5 MPa、泄流直径为40 mm、垂直发射状态时,该发射装置可使无人机在发射出筒后获得约15 m/s的初始速度,基本满足设计要求,该方案具有一定可行性,可为此类发射装置的设计、优化提供依据。The long flight time for a rotary-wing UAV taking off in the traditional way to reach the target position limits its application on the battlefield.A UAV ejection device using compressed air as the power source was designed to allow the UAV to achieve a certain initial velocity and reach the corresponding altitude in a relatively short period of time.AUTODYN,a software for solving fluid-solid coupling models,was used to establish a model of the ejection device with different initial pressures of the storage cylinder and different drainage areas.The velocity,displacement,and time diagrams of the launcher were analyzed,concluding that the velocity fluctuation of the launcher inside the cylinder due to insufficient flow of compressed air could be effectively improved by increasing the initial pressure and drainage size from 0.3 MPa to 0.8 MPa.The initial velocity of the launcher increased with both the initial pressure and drainage size.Based on this analysis,an experimental prototype was built for testing,and the results of numerous experiments showed that when the initial pressure is 0.5 MPa,the drainage diameter is 40 mm,and in the vertical launching state,the launcher can give the drone an initial velocity of 15 m/s after launching from the cylinder.This basically meets the design requirements and demonstrates that the scheme has a certain degree of feasibility.It can provide a basis for the design and optimization of this type of launcher.

关 键 词：无人机弹射 压缩空气 内弹道 出射速度 建模仿真 AUTODYN软件 

分 类 号：TJ012.1[兵器科学与技术—兵器发射理论与技术]