双重股东代表诉讼的扩张适用  

The Expanded Application of Dual Derivative Actions

作　　者：云闯 YUN Chuang(Jiangsu Tongdarui Law Firm,Jiangsu,Suzhou 215028,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏通达瑞律师事务所,江苏苏州215028

出　　处：《时代法学》2025年第2期87-95,共9页Presentday Law Science

摘　　要：新《公司法》第189条第4款首次在立法上明确承认双重股东代表诉讼。但双重代表诉讼如仅限定在“全资子公司”的文义之内,实际控制公司的主体可以通过股权转让、股权架构设计轻易予以规避,这将导致立法目的落空。扩张适用第189条第4款可采取的路径有二:一是解释路径,借鉴实践中“实质一人有限公司”的认定逻辑,对“全资子公司”作扩张解释,使之涵盖“控股子公司”;二是穿透路径,贯彻穿透式审判思维并借鉴日本公司法,认定最终控股母公司,认可更多层级的股东代表诉讼。另外,以《仲裁法》修订为契机,通过增设股东代表仲裁制度,实现与《公司法》的链接;弥合通过仲裁条款规避股东代表诉讼的漏洞,切实发挥这一制度的威慑功能。在现行法律框架内,贯彻程序审查从宽、实体审理从严的裁判路径,发挥司法矫正公司治理失范的积极能动作用,探索出中国特色的双重乃至多重股东代表诉讼制度。Article 189(4)of the new Company Law is the first to explicitly defined dual derivative actions in legislation.However,if dual derivative actions are restricted solely to the literal meaning of“wholly⁃owned subsidiaries”,the actual controlling parties of a company can easily circumvent this through equity transfers or corporate structure design,which would undermine the legislative purpose.There are two possible routes to expand the application of Article 189(4):(1)The interpretation route,drawing on the logic of recognizing“de facto single⁃member limited liability company”in practice,the interpretation of“wholly⁃owned subsidiaries”can be expanded to include“controlled subsidiaries”;and(2)The piercing route,implementing the piercing judicial approach and draw on Japan's Company Law to identify the ultimate controlling parent company,thereby allowing for shareholder derivative actions at more hierarchical levels.In addition,using the revision of the Arbitration Law as an opportunity,a shareholder derivative arbitration system could be introduced to align with the Company Law,closing loopholes that allow the circumvention of shareholder derivative actions through arbitration clauses and strengthening the deterrent effect of this mechanism.Within the current legal framework,adopting a judicial approach that emphasizes leniency in procedural review and stringency in substantive examination can better correct corporate governance failures.Efforts should be made to explore a uniquely Chinese system of dual or even multiple derivative actions.

关 键 词：双重代表诉讼 多重代表诉讼 股东代表仲裁 恶意诉讼规制 

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