真空气化提纯制备高纯金属研究进展  

Research progress in the preparation of high purity metals by vacuum gasification and purification

作　　者：散同玉 孔祥峰[1] 刘大春[1,2,3] 杨斌[1,2,3] SAN Tongyu;KONG Xiangfeng;LIU Dachun;YANG Bin(National Engineering Research Center of Vacuum Metallurgy,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China;School of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China;State Key Laboratory of Clean Utilization of Complex Non-Ferrous Metal Resources,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学真空冶金国家工程研究中心,昆明650093 [2]昆明理工大学冶金与能源工程学院,昆明650093 [3]昆明理工大学省部共建复杂有色金属资源清洁利用国家重点实验室,昆明650093

出　　处：《有色金属科学与工程》2025年第2期179-191,共13页Nonferrous Metals Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52364048);国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFC2904204)。

摘　　要：高纯金属材料比粗金属具有更优良的导电性、导热性等,是航空、电子等高科技领域重要的基础原材料,有力支撑了国家经济社会建设和高新技术产业发展。真空气化技术制备高纯金属优势特征明显,工艺流程短、纯化效率高、绿色低碳,成为当前的主流方法。本文围绕真空气化挥发理论和工艺研究,简要介绍了纯物质饱和蒸气压、分离系数、气液相平衡图等真空气化基本原理,具体描述了立式单级冷凝装置、间歇式多级冷凝装置、三级冷凝装置等真空气化设备和国内外镁、锌、铅等高纯金属提纯现状。基于真空气化提纯高纯金属的现状,提出模拟计算结合实验研究明晰微量杂质的真空气化挥发行为是至关重要的,未来需完善砷、镓等战略金属的真空解离、挥发等扩散传递过程涉及的物理化学理论。文章对短流程、清洁高效制备高纯金属具有一定的参考意义。With excellent electrical and thermal conductivity,as well as other properties,compared to crude metals,high-purity metal materials are important basic raw materials in high-tech fields such as aviation and electronics,strongly supporting the national economic and social construction and the development of high-tech industries.Vacuum gasification technology for preparing high-purity metals has become the current mainstream method due to its apparent advantages,including a short process flow,high purification efficiency,and green,low-carbon production.Focusing on vacuum gasification volatilization theory and process research,this paper briefly introduced the pure material saturation vapor pressure,separation factor,gas-liquid phase equilibrium diagrams and other basic principles of vacuum gasification.Specifically,it also described the vacuum gasification equipment,including vertical single-stage,intermittent multi-stage,and three-stage condensing devices,and the high-purity metal purification status at home and abroad,such as magnesium,zinc,and lead.Based on the current situation of vacuum gasification purification of high-purity metals,it was proposed that simulation combined with experimental studies to clarify the vacuum gasification volatilization behavior of trace impurities is essential.The vacuum dissociation of arsenic,gallium and other strategic metals,as well as volatilization and other diffusion and transfer processes involved in the physicochemical theory need to be improved in the future.This paper offers valuable references for the short process,clean and efficient preparation of high-purity metals.

关 键 词：高纯金属 真空气化 深度纯化 杂质分离 绿色高效 

分 类 号：TF813[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]