离子型稀土原地浸矿诱发污染物释放迁移及其影响因素探讨  

Analysis on the release and migration of pollutants induced by in-situ leaching mining of ionic rare earth and its influencing factors

作　　者：郭钟群[1] 唐韬 罗飞跃 刘琪琪 汪浩轩 冯秀娟 GUO Zhongqun;TANG Tao;LUO Feiyue;LIU Qiqi;WANG Haoxuan;FENG Xiujuan(School of Civil and Surveying&Mapping Engineering,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou 341000,Jiangxi,China;School of Mines,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]江西理工大学土木与测绘工程学院,江西赣州341000 [2]中国矿业大学矿业工程学院,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《有色金属科学与工程》2025年第2期306-315,共10页Nonferrous Metals Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52364012,52004106);江西省自然科学基金资助项目(20224BAB214035)。

摘　　要：离子型稀土矿富含中重稀土元素,在冶金工业与新材料制备中发挥关键作用。目前广泛推荐原地浸矿开采工艺,其主要生产流程为“原地打井-注液溶浸-母液回收”。由于大量浸矿剂进入到采矿场地的岩土体中,对矿山生态环境造成了很大影响,严重制约了离子型稀土绿色开发与利用。本文介绍了离子型稀土原地浸矿工艺及新方法,阐述了溶浸过程中土体中氨氮迁移规律,分析了原地浸矿后土体重金属形态变化特征,综述了pH、土壤质地、有机质等因素对重金属释放迁移影响规律,并对稀土矿山土壤环境研究进行展望。旨在梳理离子型稀土矿土壤氨氮与重金属释放迁移规律,为矿区污染治理与生态恢复提供参考。Ionic rare earth ores,rich in middle and heavy rare earth elements,play a key role in the metallurgical industry and the preparation of new materials.Currently,in situ leaching mining technology is widely recommended,with the primary mining process including “in-situ drilling-injection leaching-rare earth lixivium recovery”.A large number of leaching lixiviants that enter the rock and soil mass at the mining site has caused great impacts on the mines' ecological environment.These environmental problems have severely constrained the green development and utilization of ionic rare earth.In this paper,the process and new method of ionic rare earth in situ leaching mining were introduced,the migration rules of ammonia nitrogen in the leaching process were summarized,and the morphological changes of heavy metals in soil were analyzed.The effects of pH value,soil texture and organic matter on the release and migration of heavy metals in soil were reviewed.Ang future research on soil environment in rare earth mines was proposed.This paper aimed was to sort out the rules of ammonia nitrogen and heavy metal release and migration in the soil of ion-type rare earth mines,which would provide a reference for pollution control and ecological restoration in mining areas.

关 键 词：离子型稀土 原地浸矿 氨氮 重金属 污染物释放迁移 

分 类 号：TD865[矿业工程—金属矿开采]