镍基高温合金微小孔重熔层化学抛光去除工艺  

Chemical polishing for removing the remelted layer in micro-holes of nickel-based superalloys

作　　者：白宇 郭策 李秀红[1] 胡傅俟 苏文豪 BAI Yu;GUO Ce;LI Xiuhong;HU Fusi;SU Wenhao(College of Mechanical Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China)

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学机械工程学院,山西太原030024

出　　处：《电镀与涂饰》2025年第4期63-68,共6页Electroplating & Finishing

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(52375460);山西省基础研究计划自然科学研究面上项目(202203021221067)。

摘　　要：[目的]针对镍基高温合金Inconel 625电火花加工微小孔产生的重熔层缺陷,采用氢氟酸-硝酸混合液进行化学抛光试验。[方法]研究了氢氟酸与硝酸的体积比和抛光时间对试件质量损失率和孔壁粗糙度下降率的影响。分析了较优条件下化学抛光前后孔壁各部位的表面形貌、轮廓及元素成分。[结果]当氢氟酸与硝酸的体积比为1∶6时,化学抛光90 min后试件的质量损失率为0.56%,孔壁表面粗糙度下降率达到64.11%,孔壁重熔层被有效去除,表面品质显著提升。[结论]化学抛光能够有效去除镍基高温合金电火花加工微小孔的重熔层,改善孔壁表面品质,适用于复杂曲面和深孔的表面处理。[Objective]Remelted layer defects are prone to occur during electrical discharge machining(EDM)of microholes in nickel-based superalloy Inconel 625.Chemical polishing experiments were conducted in a mixture composed of hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid to address the issue.[Method]The effects of HF-to-HNO3 volume ratio and polishing time on mass loss rate of specimens and reduction rate of surface roughness of hole walls were studied.The surface morphology,profile,and elemental composition of hole walls at different positions before and after chemical polishing under the optimized conditions were analyzed.[Result]The mass loss rate of specimen was 0.56%after chemical polishing at a HF-to-HNO3 volume ratio of 1:6 for 90 minutes.The remelted layer on hole wall was effectively removed,and the surface quality was significantly improved as shown by a reduction rate of 64.11%in surface roughness.[Conclusion]Chemical polishing can effectively remove the remelted layer in EDM micro-holes of nickel-based superalloys,enhance the surface quality of hole wall,and is suitable for surface treatment of complex curved surfaces and deep holes.

关 键 词：镍基高温合金 化学抛光 电火花加工 重熔层 微小孔 表面品质 

分 类 号：TG175[金属学及工艺—金属表面处理]