差异性契合:政治经济学视野中的孟子与马克思  

Differentiating Fit:Mencius and Marx in the Perspective of Political Economy

作　　者：张启磊 ZHANG Qilei(College of Marxism,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu 241003,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学马克思主义学院,安徽芜湖241003

出　　处：《福建商学院学报》2025年第1期9-15,共7页Journal of Fujian Business University

基　　金：2021年度安徽高校人文社会科学研究重点项目“浸润与突破:马克思主义和中华优秀传统文化相结合的生活向度研究”(SK2021A0207);2022年安徽省“三全育人”试点省建设暨高校思想政治工作能力提升计划项目“《原理》课诠释马克思主义和中华优秀传统文化相结合的逻辑框架研究”(sztsjh-2022-2-17)。

摘　　要：在政治经济学视野下考察儒家经典《孟子》和马克思主义经典文献,可以发现二者有着理论上的差异性契合。在生产的重要性上,孟子认为生产是得民心之要,马克思指出生产是人类历史的起点;在税收的目的上,孟子期望通过薄税敛以行仁政,在共产主义革命到来之前,马克思主张通过税收调节收入分配不公;在商品价值的确定上,孟子认识到了商品价值的差异在于做工之“巨”“小”,马克思认为商品价值由社会必要劳动决定。二者之间有着问题视域、理论框架、运思方式的差异,也存在理论前提、理论内涵、理论旨归的契合。在政治经济学视野下对二者进行理论上的比鉴,能够增进对马克思主义同中华优秀传统文化契合性的理解,进而在“第二个结合”的基础上增强文化主体性。By exploring the Confucian classics Mencius and Marxist classics from the perspective of political economy,it can be found that the two have theoretical similarities.Mencius believes that production is the key to win the hearts of the people,and Marx believes that production is the starting point of history.The core of tax policy in Mencius is thin tax collection,before the arrival of the communist revolution,Marx expected to adjust the unfair distribution of income through taxation.Mencius realized that the difference of commodity value lies in“the unevenness of things”,while Marx believed that the value of commodities is determined by the time of social necessary labor.There are differences in problem perspectives,theoretical frameworks,and ways of thinking between the two,as well as a convergence of theoretical premises,connotations,and objectives.A theoretical comparison between the two from the perspective of political economy can enhance our understanding of the compatibility between Marxism and Chinese excellent traditional culture,and then enhance our cultural subjectivity on the basis of“the second combination”.

关 键 词：政治经济学 马克思 孟子 第二个结合 契合 

分 类 号：A811[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]