大青杨多倍体适应性评价及抗旱无性系选择  

Evaluation of Polyploid Adaptability in Populus ussuriensis and Selection of Drought-Resistant Clones

作　　者：苏丽辉 王木廷 张芳平 董薇 庞忠义 吴力国 李芳蕊 李开隆[1] 李慧玉[1] Su Lihui;Wang Muting;Zhang Fangping;Dong Wei;Pang Zhongyi;Wu Liguo;Li Fangrui;Li Kailong;Li Huiyu(Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,P.R.China;Fujin Forestry Bureau Heilongjiang Province;Xinmin Machine Forest,Liaoning Province;Cuohai Forest Farm in Longjiang Couny)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学,哈尔滨150040 [2]黑龙江省富锦县林业局 [3]辽宁省新民市机械林场 [4]龙江县错海林场

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2025年第5期8-16,共9页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：国家科技创新2030-重大项目(2023ZD0405603)。

摘　　要：为了分析大青杨(Populus ussuriensis)多倍体无性系在不同立地条件时的适应性,探讨基因型与环境互作模式,揭示三倍体无性系的抗旱机制,从而为各地区筛选优良无性系。以定植在黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市龙江县错海林场、佳木斯市富锦县太东种子园、辽宁省沈阳市新民机械林场的大青杨多倍体无性系为研究对象,分析各无性系生长性状的遗传参数及方差效应量,采用最佳线性无偏预测(BLUP)-基因型主效应和基因型与环境互作(GGE双标图)相结合,开展基因型与环境互作分析及无性系丰产稳产评价,并从膜脂过氧化产物浓度、活性氧清除能力、根系分布等抗旱生理,探讨大青杨三倍体的抗旱机制。通过方差分析表明:错海、新民、富锦3个试验点无性系生长性状差异均达到极显著水平,其无性系各性状基因型、基因型与环境互作、环境的效应量占比不同。各生长性状的重复力在0.6669~0.6980之间,说明其主要受遗传控制。根据育种值及材积遗传增益,于错海、新民、富锦3个试验点分别选出优良无性系4、5、4个。入选无性系中,三倍体无性系的材积遗传增益分别比二倍体、四倍体提高了194%、579%。利用最佳线性无偏预测-基因型主效应和基因型与环境互作(BLUP-GGE)分析,三倍体的T14和T12分别为高产高稳定性无性系、高产低稳定性无性系,在半干旱地区的错海、新民均表现优异。抗性生理分析表明:T14、T12的超氧化物歧化酶活性高于二倍体,丙二醛质量摩尔浓度、过氧化氢浓度低于二倍体大青杨,根系的干质量、鲜质量以及在深土层的粗根、细根质量均高于二倍体大青杨。T12和T14无性系具有速生、抗旱性、适应性强等特点,材积遗传增益高于二倍体和四倍体。在干旱条件下,T12和T14通过激活活性氧清除系统,分解活性氧,减轻细胞脂膜损伤;同时通过减少水分蒸腾和增加水分利用�To analyze the adaptability of polyploid clones of Populus ussuriensis under different site conditions,investigate genotype-environment interaction patterns,and reveal drought resistance mechanisms in triploid clones,thereby facilitating the selection of superior clones for various regions.This study focused on polyploid clones of P.ussuriensis planted at three experimental sites:Cuohai Forest Farm in Longjiang County,Qiqihar City,Heilongjiang Province;Taidong Seed Orchard in Fujin County,Jiamusi City;and Xinmin Mechanical Forest Farm in Shenyang City,Liaoning Province.We analyzed genetic parameters and variance effect sizes of growth traits across clones,employing a combined approach of Best Linear Unbiased Prediction(BLUP)for genotype main effects and Genotype plus Genotype-by-Environment interaction(GGE biplot)for genotype-environment interaction analysis and clone productivity-stability evaluation.The drought resistance mechanisms of triploid P.ussuriensis were investigated through physiological parameters including membrane lipid peroxidation products,reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging capacity,and root distribution patterns.Variance analysis revealed highly significant differences in growth traits among clones across all three experimental sites(Cuohai,Xinmin,and Fujin),with varying proportions of genotype,genotype-environment interaction,and environmental effects.The repeatability of growth traits ranged from 0.6669 to 0.6980,indicating strong genetic control.Based on breeding values and volume genetic gains,we selected 4,5,and 4 superior clones from Cuohai,Xinmin,and Fujin sites,respectively.Among selected clones,triploid clones showed 194%and 579%higher volume genetic gains compared to diploid and tetraploid clones,respectively.BLUP-GGE analysis identified triploid clones T14 and T12 as high-yield high-stability and high-yield low-stability clones,respectively,both demonstrating excellent performance in semi-arid regions(Cuohai and Xinmin).Physiological analysis revealed that T14 and T12 exhibited hi

关 键 词：大青杨 多倍体 多点联合分析 抗旱生理 

分 类 号：S722.5[农业科学—林木遗传育种]