植物精油对松材线虫的毒杀效果及山苍子精油复配增效作用  

Toxic Effects of Plant Essential Oils on Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and Synergistic Enhancement of Litsea cubeba Essential Oil

作　　者：宋其岩[1] 莫苑萍 沈建军[1] 史肖肖 陈友吾[1] 李海波[1] 叶碧欢 张利 Song Qiyan;Mo Yuanping;Shen Jianjun;Shi Xiaoxiao;Chen Youwu;Li Haibo;Ye Bihuan;Zhang Li(Zhejiang Academy of Forestry,Hangzhou 310023,P.R.China;Zhejiang Academy of Forestry;Aba Prefecture Institute of Forestry and Grassland Science and Technology)

机构地区：[1]浙江省林业科学研究院,杭州310023 [2]浙江农林大学 [3]阿坝州林业和草原科学技术研究所

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2025年第5期136-143,共8页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：浙江省基础公益研究计划项目(LGN21C160002);四川省科技计划项目(重点研发项目,2023YFN0029)。

摘　　要：为筛选高效、环境友好的松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)防治药剂,评估了24种植物精油和4种植物源成分的室内毒杀活性,并重点分析了高活性山苍子(Litsea cubeba)精油与阿维菌素、苦参碱及香榧(Torreya grandis)精油的复配增效作用。毒力测定结果显示,山苍子和大蒜(Allium sativum)精油表现出较强的杀线虫活性,24 h校正死亡率>65%,致死中质量浓度分别为0.532、0.612 g·L^(-1);艾蒿(Artemisia lavandulifolia)和香樟(Cinnamomum camphora)精油次之,24 h校正死亡率约50%,致死中质量浓度分别为1.121、1.320 g·L^(-1);艾草(Artemisia argyi)等其余20种植物精油的效果较差或不具有杀线虫活性,24 h校正死亡率仅0~12.53%。柠檬醛作为山苍子精油的主要成分,其杀线虫效果优于山苍子精油整体,24 h校正死亡率达71.40%,致死中质量浓度为0.515 g·L^(-1),而芳樟醇和柠檬烯几乎无活性(24 h校正死亡率<4%)。复配增效研究结果显示,山苍子精油不适合与阿维菌素复配,仅9∶1质量比时表现为相加作用(共毒系数为115.735),其余比例均拮抗;山苍子精油与苦参碱复配时,所有质量比均呈相加作用(共毒系数为71.679~146.401),具备协同应用潜力;山苍子精油与香榧精油复配时表现出相加增效作用(共毒系数为140.585~190.147),可开发为高效植物源复配药剂。In order to screen highly effective and environmentally friendly agents for the control of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus,the indoor nematicidal activities of 24 plant essential oils and 4 plant-derived components were evaluated,and the synergistic enhancement effects of the highly active Litsea cubeba essential oil when blended with abamectin,matrine,and Torreya grandis essential oil were analyzed with emphasis.The results of toxicity determination showed that L.cubeba and Allium sativum essential oils exhibited strong nematicidal activities,with the corrected mortality rates at 24 h being>65%,and the median lethal concentrations being 0.532 g·L^(-1)and 0.612 g·L^(-1)respectively.The essential oils of Artemisia lavandulifolia and Cinnamomum camphora ranked second,with the corrected mortality rates at 24 h being approximately 50%,and the median lethal concentrations being 1.121 g·L^(-1)and 1.320 g·L^(-1)respectively.The effects of the remaining 20 plant essential oils such as Artemisia argyi were poor or they had no nematicidal activities,with the corrected mortality rates at 24 h being only 0-12.53%.As the main component of L.cubeba essential oil,citral had a better nematicidal effect than the whole L.cubeba essential oil,with the corrected mortality rate at 24 h reaching 71.40%,and the median lethal concentration being 0.515 g·L^(-1),while linalool and limonene had almost no activities(the corrected mortality rates at 24 h were<4%).The results of the research on the synergistic enhancement effects of blends showed that L.cubeba essential oil was not suitable for blending with abamectin.Only when the mass ratio was 9∶1,it showed an additive effect(the co-toxicity coefficient was 115.735),and antagonistic effects were shown at other ratios.When L.cubeba essential oil was blended with matrine,all mass ratios showed additive effects(the co-toxicity coefficients were 71.679-146.401),indicating the potential for synergistic application.When L.cubeba essential oil was blended with T.grandis essential oil,additive s

关 键 词：植物精油 松材线虫 杀虫活性 山苍子 复配增效作用 

分 类 号：S763.1[农业科学—森林保护学]