砂田退化机制及其修复改良措施:研究进展及展望  

Degradation mechanisms of sand-mulched farmland and their restoration and improvement measures:research status and prospects

作　　者：李王成[1,2,3,4] 黄亚浩 马东祥 贾振江 吴洋洋 徐昊文 张一帆 李旭 LI Wangcheng;HUANG Yahao;MA Dongxiang;JIA Zhenjiang;WU Yangyang;XU Haowen;ZHANG Yifan;LI Xu(School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Modern Agricultural Water Resources in Arid Regions,Ministry of Education,Yinchuan 750021,China;State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwestern China,Co-constructed by Provincial and Ministerial Authorities,Yinchuan 750021,China;Key Laboratory of Yellow River Water Interconnection Network and Digital Water Governance,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]旱区现代农业水资源高效利用教育部工程研究中心,银川750021 [3]省部共建西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室,宁夏银川750021 [4]宁夏回族自治区黄河水联网数字治水重点实验室,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2025年第2期277-290,共14页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52169010);宁夏自然科学基金重点项目(2021AAC02008)。

摘　　要：系统梳理连作砂田退化历程及其机制,探讨针对砂田关键土壤环境问题所提出改良措施的合理性,以期为制定砂田生态体系恢复和农业高效生产可持续方案提供理论支撑和科学依据。基于现有研究结论,从时间维度厘清砂田土壤环境恶化脉络,从覆盖层功能劣化及连作障碍层面揭示砂田物理和生化环境退化机制,归纳总结田间管理措施、土壤改良剂施用、耕作方式变革和加速砾石成壤化等改良措施的成效及其适宜性。砂田连作年限达10年表现出明显连作障碍。3~5年后水肥供给不足,需采取补水施肥措施以满足作物生长需求;连作20年后,土壤保墒保温功能基本丧失。单一种植模式下根际条件和土壤环境致使微生物环境持续恶化,砂田由细菌型高肥土向真菌型低肥土转变,更换耕作方式、配施生物有机肥是现阶段主要应对策略。砂田退化机制及其改良措施相关研究基本清晰,但尚存在不足,未来相关研究可拓展深化以下3个方面:(1)现阶段砂田土壤环境监测连续性不足,梳理归纳各时期砂田土壤环境恶化特征对实施针对性改良措施极为关键;(2)土壤理化特性与生化环境间的关联机制尚不清晰,缺乏统筹性定量分析阐释;(3)撂荒砂田治理是长期化过程,岩石成壤化赋予土壤环境的改善效果不容忽视,对延缓砂田荒漠化、促进植株定殖意义重大。This study aims to systematically identify the process of degradation and the underlying mechanism of gravel-sand mulched fields,as well as to discuss the rationality of the improvement measures for the key soil environmental problems of gravel-sand mulched field,thus providing theoretical support and scientific evidence for the development of gravel-sand mulched field ecosystems restoration and sustainable agricultural production.Based on the previous research,the context of soil environment degradation in gravel-sand mulched field was clarified from the time dimension,the physical and biochemical environment degradation mechanism in gravel-sand mulched field was revealed at the level of functional degradation of overburden layer and continuous cropping obstacles.The effectiveness and suitability of improvement measures such as field management measures,application of soil amendments,reform of farming methods and accelerated gravel pedogenesis were summarized.When the continuous cropping period of the sandy field reaches 10 years,obvious continuous cropping obstacles will emerge.After 3-5 years,the supply of water and fertilizer is insufficient,therefore it is necessary to supplement water and fertilizer to meet the needs of crop growth.After 20 years of continuous cropping,the function of soil moisture and heat preservation will be basically lost.Under the single cropping mode,the rhizosphere conditions and soil environment lead to the continuous deterioration of the microbial environment.The gravel-sand mulched field has changed from the bacterial type high fertility soil to the fungal type low fertility soil.The main coping strategies at this stage are to change the tillage methods and apply bio organic fertilizer.The relevant research on the degradation mechanism of sandy fields and their improvement measures is basically clear,but there are still some deficiencies.In the future,relevant research can be expanded and deepened in the following three aspects:(1)The current monitoring of gravel-sand mulched fiel

关 键 词：砂田退化历程 砂田退化机制 土壤环境 调控措施 

分 类 号：S147[农业科学—肥料学] S156[农业科学—农业基础科学]