水稻耐低氮种质资源筛选与评价  

Screening and evaluation of rice germplasm resources with low nitrogen tolerance

作　　者：周慧颖 胡佳晓 余丽琴[1] 刘进 勒思 孟冰欣 涂夯 黎毛毛[1] ZHOU Huiying;HU Jiaxiao;YU Liqin;LIU Jin;LE Si;MENG Bingxin;TU Hang;LI Maomao(Institute of Rice,Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangxi Provincial Crop Germplasm Resources Research Center,Nanchang 330200,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省农业科学院水稻研究所/江西省农作物种质资源研究中心,江西南昌330200

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2025年第2期291-301,共11页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：江西省自然科学基金项目(20232BAB205036);国家农作物种质资源平台项目(NICGR2021-077);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0100101-11)。

摘　　要：【目的】氮素是影响水稻生长发育、产量与品质形成的重要营养元素,提高品种的耐低氮能力有助于促进农业生产绿色高效发展,鉴定和筛选耐低氮水稻种质是培育耐低氮水稻品种的关键途径。【方法】以来自南方稻区的3000份水稻种质为试验材料,2017—2018年以成熟期单株生物产量与稻谷产量为评价指标,进行耐低氮水稻种质初步鉴定,结合田间表现,初步筛选出624份较耐低氮的种质。2019年,测定初筛种质的穗部和产量相关性状,对其进行耐低氮精准鉴定,进一步筛选出综合性状优良、耐低氮的优异水稻种质153份。在此基础上,2020年以江西省水稻区试对照品种天优华占为对照,调查株高、单株有效穗数、穗长、每穗总粒数、每穗实粒数、千粒质量、着粒密度和理论产量,在低氮胁迫环境下对153份耐低氮水稻种质进行鉴定评价。【结果】不同施氮处理间的株高、单株有效穗数、穗长、每穗总粒数和理论产量存在显著差异,每穗实粒数、千粒质量和着粒密度差异不显著;不同氮素处理下,理论产量与单株有效穗数、穗长、每穗总粒数等呈显著或极显著正相关,与株高、千粒质量无显著相关关系,表明低氮胁迫环境对单株有效穗数、穗长、每穗总粒数、结实率和理论产量影响较大,因此以单株有效穗数、穗长、每穗总粒数和理论产量为评价指标,采用聚类分析和隶属函数法,对153份优异种质的耐低氮性进行综合鉴定评价,2种分析方法鉴定评价种质的耐低氮特性重合率达86%。【结论】采用2种分析方法共筛选出30份强耐低氮种质,其综合评价结果可能更为可靠。筛选的强耐低氮种质将在水稻耐低氮性分子遗传机制研究以及耐低氮、绿色高效新品种培育中具有重要的利用价值。[Objective]Nitrogen is an important nutrient element that affects the growth,development,yield and quality of rice.Improving the low nitrogen tolerance of rice varieties contributes to the green and efficient development of agricultural production.The identification and screening of rice germplasms with low nitrogen tolerance is a key method for cultivating varieties that can withstand low nitrogen conditions.[Method]A total of 3,000 rice germplasms from southern rice-growing areas were used as experimental materials.From 2017 to 2018,biological yield per plant and grain weight per plant at the maturity stage were used as indexes to identify low nitrogen tolerance.Combined with field performance,624 low nitrogen tolerant rice germplasms were preliminarily selected.In 2019,the panicle and yield correlation traits of the primary screening germplasm were determined for the accurate identification of low nitrogen tolerance.A total of 153 germplasms demonstrating excellent yield performance and low nitrogen tolerance were screened.On this basis,the plant height,number of effective tillers per plant,panicle length,spikelets per panicle,full spikelets per panicle,1000-grain weight,grain density and theoretical yield were investigated in 2020.Tianyouhuazhan,the control variety of Jiangxi rice regional trial,was used as the control to identify and evaluate the 153 low nitrogen tolerant rice germplasms under low nitrogen stress.[Result]There are significant differences in plant height,number of effective tillers per plant,panicle length,spikelets per panicle and theoretical yield among different nitrogen application treatments.However,there are no significant differences in the full spikelets per panicle,1,000-grain weight and grain density.Under different nitrogen treatments,theoretical yield is significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with the number of effective tillers per plant,panicle length and spikelets per panicle,but not significantly correlated with plant height and 1,000-grain weight.This

关 键 词：水稻 耐低氮 农艺性状 聚类分析 隶属函数法 鉴定评价 

分 类 号：S511.032[农业科学—作物学]