不同快繁方式对马铃薯脱毒苗表型和原原种产量的影响  

Effects of different rapid propagation methods on phenotype of virus-free potato seedlings and yield of minituber

作　　者：张伟[1] 庞敏昡 史宁帆 张志家 李忠润 胡李军 王廷辉 刘悦善 毕真真 姚攀锋 白江平[1] 孙超[1] ZHANG Wei;PANG Minxuan;SHI Ningfan;ZHANG Zhijia;LI Zhongrun;HU Lijun;WANG Tinhui;LIU Yueshan;BI Zhenzhen;YAO Panfeng;BAI Jiangping;SUN Chao(College of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Dingxi Institute of Potato,Dingxi,Gansu 743000,China;Gansu Seed Station,Lanzhou 730070,China;State Key Laboratory of Arid Habitat Crop Science,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省定西马铃薯研究所,甘肃定西743000 [3]甘肃省种子总站,甘肃兰州730070 [4]甘肃农业大学省部共建干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2025年第2期325-335,共11页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32060502);甘肃省自然科学基金项目(22JR5RA867)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究在传统组培快繁方式和水培快繁方式下的马铃薯脱毒苗对定植后原原种产量和经济效益的影响,为提高马铃薯种薯生产效率提供可靠的试验基础和科学依据。【方法】选用2个马铃薯商业品种:早熟品种‘甘引9号’(GY9)和晚熟品种‘大西洋’(ATL),对其组培苗和一至三代水培苗在快繁期和定植期的表型、原原种产量和经济效益进行了综合比较。【结果】(1)在快繁期,生长至13 d时,GY9和ATL水培苗的株高和根数较组培苗显著提高。(2)在定植期,对于GY9和ATL,定植45 d后水培苗的株高和叶绿素含量较组培苗显著提高;定植80 d后地上、地下干物质积累量较组培苗显著提高;二代水培苗的单株有效薯数较组培苗显著提高。(3)对于GY9,单株薯数与快繁期的株高、根长和定植期的地下干物质积累量显著正相关;对于ATL,单株薯数与快繁期的株高、茎粗、根数和定植期的叶绿素含量、地下干物质积累量显著正相关。(4)GY9和ATL水培苗的原原种总产量较组培苗无显著差异,但有效薯产量和经济效益有显著提高,其中二代水培苗的经济效益最好。【结论】二代水培苗生长速度快,生产成本低、周期短,原原种有效薯产量最高,经济效益最好,可在马铃薯原原种生产中推广。[Objective]This study aims to explore the effect of rapid propagation through the traditional tissue culture method and the hydroponic method on phenotype of virus-free potato seedlings and the yield and economic benefit of the minituber,thus providing a reliable experimental basis and scientific basis for improving the production efficiency of potato minituber.[Method]Two commercial potato varieties,the early maturing variety‘Gan Ying 9’(GY9)and the late maturing variety‘Atlantic Ocean’(ATL),were selected.The phenotypes of the tissue culture seedlings and the first to third generation hydroponic seedlings at the rapid propagation stage and the planting stage,the minituber yield and economic benefits were compared.[Result](1)At the rapid propagation stage,the plant height and root number of GY9 and ATL hydroponic seedlings are significantly higher than those of tissue culture seedlings at 13 d.(2)In the planting period,for GY9 and ATL,the plant height and chlorophyll content of hydroponic seedlings are significantly higher than those of tissue culture seedlings after 45 days of planting;After 80 days of planting,the accumulation of above ground and underground dry matter is significantly higher than that in tissue culture seedlings.The number of qualified potato minituber per plant of the second generation hydroponic seedlings is significantly higher than that of tissue culture.(3)For GY9,the number of potato minituber per plant is significantly and positively correlated with plant height,root length and underground dry matter accumulation at rapid propagation stage.For ATL,the number of potato minituber plants per plant is positively correlated with plant height,stem diameter,root number,chlorophyll content and underground dry matter accumulation in rapid propagation stage.(4)There is no significant difference between GY9 and ATL hydroponic seedlings in total minituber yield compared with that of the tissue culture,but their effective tuber yield and economic benefits are significantly improved,and the s

关 键 词：组培苗 水培苗 繁育方式 原原种产量 经济效益 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]