叶面喷施CaCl_(2)/SA/EBR对南酸枣幼苗抗寒性的影响  

Effects of foliar application of CaCl_(2)/SA/EBR on cold resistance of Choerospondias axillaris seedlings

作　　者：朱秋敏 杨如梦 汪加魏 吴南生[1] 高岩 曹嘉晟 丁菲[1] 孙荣喜 张露[1] ZHU Qiumin;YANG Rumeng;WANG Jiawei;WU Nansheng;GAO Yan;CAO Jiasheng;DING Fei;SUN Rongxi;ZHANG Lu(School of Foresty,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Subtropical Forest Resources Cultivation/Institute of Choerospondias axillaris,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学林学院/亚热带森林资源培育江西省重点实验室/南酸枣研究所,江西南昌330045

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2025年第2期360-372,共13页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32160387);江西省重点研发计划项目(20171BBF60011)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究叶面喷施氯化钙(CaCl_(2))、水杨酸(SA)、2,4-表油菜素内酯(EBR)对南酸枣实生幼苗抗寒性的影响,筛选出增强幼苗抗寒性的处理及浓度,为提高南酸枣幼苗对冬季低温或倒春寒的抗寒能力提供依据。【方法】以1年生南酸枣实生盆栽幼苗为试验材料,采用随机区组试验设计,于11月10—20日分别对3个试验区组的南酸枣幼苗进行6次(2 d/次)叶面喷施CaCl_(2)(C1、C2、C3)、SA(S1、S2、S3)和EBR(B1、B2、B3),再将各喷施处理的幼苗枝稍进行4℃低温胁迫处理12 h,采用石蜡切片法观察胁迫处理后叶片的解剖结构,同时测定其枝条各生理指标的变化。【结果】与喷施清水(CK)相比,喷施CaCl_(2)、SA、EBR后南酸枣叶片的栅栏组织细胞密度有所增加。其中,10 mmol/L SA处理的上表皮厚度最大,1 mmol/L CaCl_(2)处理的下表皮厚度最大,0.1 mg/L EBR处理的栅栏组织较厚,10 mmol/L CaCl_(2)处理下海绵组织厚度、叶片厚度、叶片疏松度增加,栅海比、叶片紧密度降低;喷施20 mmol/L SA后南酸枣茎中相对电导率含量下降幅度显著低于CK,为12.07%,0.1 mg/L EBR处理后丙二醛含量低于其余处理和CK,仅为0.039μmol/g;除喷施0.01 mg/L EBR和0.1 mg/L EBR的南酸枣茎中可溶性糖含量略高于对照外,其他处理下的可溶性糖与对照相比均有不同程度的降低;与CK相比,喷施CaCl_(2)、SA、EBR后南酸枣茎中可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸(1 mg/L EBR除外)含量和SOD、POD(10 mmol/L CaCl_(2)除外)活性均不同程度升高;通过对叶片解剖结构指标和生理指标进行主成分分析得出3种不同外源物质处理效果由强到弱依次为10 mmol/L SA、1 mmol/L CaCl_(2)、20 mmol/L CaCl_(2)、1 mmol/L SA、10 mmol/L CaCl_(2)、20 mmol/L SA、0.1 mg/L EBR、0.01 mg/L EBR、1 mg/L EBR和CK。【结论】3种不同外源物质处理均有利于增强南酸枣幼苗的抗寒性,SA处理效果优于CaCl_(2)、EBR,以10 mmol/L SA处理后南酸枣的抗寒效果最�[Objective]The effects of spraying calcium chloride(CaCl_(2)),salicylic acid(SA)and 2,4-epibrassinolide(EBR)on the cold resistance of Choerospondias axillaris seedlings are investigated,and the treatment and concentration of enhancing the cold resistance of seedlings are screened out to provide a basis for enhancing the cold resistance of C.axillaris seedlings to low temperature in winter or late spring cold snaps.[Method]Using one-year-old potted seedlings of C.axillaris derived from seeds as the experimental materials,a randomized block experimental design was adopted.From November 10th to 20th,the seedlings of C.axillaris in three experimental plot groups were respectively subjected to foliar spraying of CaCl₂(C1,C2,C3),SA(S1,S2,S3)and EBR(B1,B2,B3)six times(once every two days),and then the seedling branches of each spraying treatment were treated with low temperature stress at 4℃for 12 h.The anatomical structure of the leaves after stress treatment was observed by paraffin section method,and the changes of physiological indexes of the branches were measured.[Result]Compared with spraying water(CK),the cell density of palisade tissue in leaves of C.axillaris increased after spraying CaCl_(2),SA and EBR.Among them,the upper epidermal thickness was the largest in the treatment of 10 mmol/L SA.The thickness of the lower epidermis treated with 1 mmol/L CaCl_(2)was the largest,and the palisade tissue treated with 0.1 mg/L EBR was thicker.Under the treatment of 10 mmol/L CaCl_(2),the thickness of sponge tissue,leaf thickness and leaf porosity increased,and the ratio of palisade tissue to spongy tissue and leaf tightness decreased.After spraying 20 mmol/L SA,the relative conductivity content in the stem of C.axillaris was significantly lower than that of CK,which was 12.07%.The content of malondialdehyde after 0.1 mg/L EBR treatment was lower than that of other treatments and CK,which was only 0.039μmol/g.In addition to spraying 0.01 mg/L EBR and 0.1 mg/L EBR,the soluble sugar content in the stem of C.axillaris

关 键 词：南酸枣幼苗 外源物质 叶片解剖结构 生理特征 抗寒性 

分 类 号：S794.9[农业科学—林木遗传育种]