施肥模式对环割油茶果实品质、产量及养分分配的影响  

Effects of fertilization mode on fruit quality,yield and nutrient distribution of girded Camellia oleifera

作　　者：胡冬南[1] 廖康平 王毓曼 谢琳 任可为 刘娟[1] 张令[1] 储双双 HU Dongnan;LIAO Kangping;WANG Yuman;XIE Lin;REN Kewei;LIU Juan;ZHANG Ling;CHU Shuangshuang(Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Subtropical Forest Resources Cultivation,College of Forestry,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China;Ecological Environment Monitoring Center of Liuzhou City,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,Liuzhou,Guangxi 545000,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学亚热带森林资源培育江西省重点实验室/林学院,江西南昌330045 [2]广西壮族自治区柳州生态环境监测中心,广西柳州545000

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2025年第2期438-450,共13页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：江西省重点研发计划“揭榜挂帅”项目(20223BBF61012)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同施肥模式对环割油茶树体养分分配的动态调控和果实主要品质、产量的影响,寻求适合油茶保果促产的栽培措施,为油茶栽培技术的完善提供理论参考。【方法】以13年生环割油茶为试验材料,共设12月单施复合肥(A1)、3月单施复合肥(A2)、12月单施有机肥(A3)、12月有机肥和复合肥同施(A4)、12月施有机肥+3月施复合肥(A5)5个处理,定期跟踪测定油茶树体N、P、K含量及果实成熟期经济品质和产量,分析施肥模式对环割油茶果实品质、产量及养分分配的影响。【结果】(1)施用复合肥增加了环割油茶果实体积、质量以及出籽率,显著提高了果实产量和产油量;(2)3—5月份坐果率降幅明显高于5—10月份,环割后施用复合肥显著提高了油茶坐果率;(3)施肥模式对叶、果、根中N、P、K的含量有显著影响,环割后在当年12月和次年3月施用复合肥,对树体养分的影响差异不明显;(4)在果实膨大期,叶中P和根中N含量增加;在果实成熟期,叶中N含量增加;从幼果期至成熟期,果中K不断积累;(5)主成分分析结果显示,环割油茶果实品质、产量各指标在不同施肥模式下明显分散,果实生物量、经济性状与产量之间呈正相关,与果形指数呈负相关。【结论】油茶环割后以施复合肥为最佳,12月施用有利于积累果实产量,次年3月施用有利于提高果实品质。[Objective]This study aims to explore the effects of different fertilization modes on the dynamic regulation of nutrient distribution,main fruit quality and yield of Camellia oleifera,thus seeking suitable cultivation measures to protect fruit and promote yield of Camellia oleifera,and providing theoretical reference for the improvement of cultivation technology of Camellia oleifera.[Method]The 13-year-old girdled camellia oleifera was used as experimental material.Five treatments,single application of compound fertilizer in December(A1),single application of compound fertilizer in March(A2),single application of organic fertilizer in December(A3),combined application of organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer in December(A4),and organic fertilizer in December+compound fertilizer in March(A5),were set up.The contents of N,P and K in camellia oleifera and the economic quality and yield of the fruit at ripening stage were measured and analyzed.[Result](1)Applying compound fertilizer increased the fruit volume,weight and seed extraction rate of girdled Camellia oleifera,and significantly improved the fruit yield and oil production;(2)The decrease of fruit set rate from March to May was significantly higher than that from May to October,and the application of compound fertilizer after ring cutting significantly improved the fruit set rate of Camellia oleifera;(3)The fertilization mode has a significant impact on the contents of N,P and K in leaves,fruits and roots.After girdling,applying compound fertilizer in December of the current year and March of the following year has no obvious difference in the influence on the nutrient of the tree.(4)At fruit expansion stage,P in leaves and N in roots increased.At the ripening stage,N nutrient content in leaves increased.From the young fruit stage to the mature stage,K nutrients in the fruit continued to accumulate;(5)The results of principal component analysis showed that fruit quality and yield were significantly dispersed under different fertilization patterns.Fruit bi

关 键 词：施肥模式 油茶 果实品质 产量 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S723.9[农业科学—林木遗传育种]