双落点供料离心式撒肥机构设计与试验  

Design and experiment of centrifugal fertilizer spreading mechanism with double drop point feeding

作　　者：江斌 张鸿 陈雄飞[1,2] 刘木华 肖丽萍[1,2] 余佳佳 黄岘期[1,2] JIANG Bin;ZHANG Hong;CHEN Xiongfei;LIU Muhua;XIAO Liping;YU Jiajia;HUANG Xianqi(College of Engineering,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China;Jiangxi Provicial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment,Nanchang 330045,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学工学院,江西南昌330045 [2]江西省现代农业装备重点实验室,江西南昌330045

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2025年第2期521-533,共13页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：江西省农机装备应用产业技术体系岗位专家项目(JXARS-21-粮食作物生产机械化)。

摘　　要：【目的】针对水稻变量施肥均匀性不高的问题,基于圆盘式撒肥机结构简单、撒肥幅宽大、作业效率高等优点,配套研制了一种双落点供料离心式撒肥机构。【方法】基于EDEM离散元仿真模型,对单趟肥料仿真试验进行分析,以落料点半径、落料点夹角、施肥量及离心圆盘转速为影响因素,通过单因素仿真试验,确定单个因素对肥料颗粒分布的影响规律;在筛除落料点夹角因素下采用正交旋转仿真试验,明确上述因素交互作用对肥料分布均匀性变异系数和幅宽距离的影响规律;利用优化后的目标参数开展台架试验验证以及田间试验,并以实际往复作业工况进行对叠加后肥料分布均匀性变异系数进行分析。【结果】单因素及正交旋转试验结果表明,落料点夹角越大越不利于肥料抛撒均匀性,各因素对肥料分布均匀性变异系数影响由大到小分别为施肥量、落料点半径、离心圆盘转速;经参数优化后,当落料点半径112 mm、施肥量475.05 kg/hm^(2)、离心圆盘转速540 r/min时单趟均匀性变异系数最小,为15.49%,有效幅宽为8 m;仿真试验结果分别为15.19%、8 m,与预测结果基本一致,台架试验结果为15.83%、7.7 m,在实际往复作业工况下,叠加后肥料分布均匀性变异系数为9.12%。【结论】田间作业试验表明:在试验施肥量范围内,落料点半径为100 mm较其他半径更适合田间撒肥作业。[Objective]In order to address the problems of low uniformity of variable rate fertilization in rice,a centrifugal fertilizer spreader with double falling points was developed by leveraging the advantages of simple structure,wide spreading range and high operation efficiency of disc fertilizer spreader.[Method]Based on the EDEM discrete element simulation model,the single-trip fertilizer simulation test was analyzed.Taking the radius of the blanking point,the angle of the blanking point,the amount of fertilizer and the speed of the centrifugal disc as the influencing factors,the influence of single factor on the distribution of fertilizer particles was determined by single factor simulation test.The orthogonal rotation simulation test was conducted under the condition of screening out the angle factor of the blanking point,and the influence of the interaction of the above factors on the coefficient of variation and the width distance of the fertilizer distribution uniformity was clarified.The optimized target parameters were used to conduct bench test verification and field test,and the coefficient of variation of fertilizer distribution uniformity after superposition was analyzed with actual reciprocating operation conditions.[Result]The results of single factor and orthogonal rotation test show that a larger angle between discharge points negatively impacts fertilizer spreading uniformity.The effects of different factors on the coefficient of variation of fertilizer distribution uniformity,ranked by their impact from greatest to least,are as follows:fertilizer application amount,the radius of dropping point and the rotating speed of centrifugal disc.When the radius of the dropping point is 112 mm,the amount of fertilizer applied is 475.05 kg/hm^(2) and the rotating speed of the centrifugal disc is 540 r/min,the coefficient of variation of uniformity is the smallest,which is 15.49%,and the effective width is 8 m,the results of bench test are 15.83%and 7.7 m,and the coefficient of variation of fertilizer distribu

关 键 词：变量施肥 离散元法 双点落料 定量排肥 离心式撒肥 撒肥均匀性 

分 类 号：S224.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]