餐厨堆肥基质对小青菜的栽培效果研究  

Study on the Effect of Kitchen Waste Compost Substrate on the Cultivation of Brassica chinensis

作　　者：赵英明[1] 李思怡 刘松青 刘铮 ZHAO Ying-ming(Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenyang,Liaoning110161)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省农业科学院,辽宁沈阳110161 [2]沈阳宝华天润农业科技有限公司,辽宁沈阳110134 [3]辽宁省农业发展服务中心,辽宁沈阳110031

出　　处：《园艺与种苗》2025年第3期7-11,共5页Horticulture & Seed

摘　　要：[目的]明确餐厨堆肥替代部分泥炭配制而成的栽培基质对小青菜的栽培效果。[方法]采用室内盆栽的方式,按照体积比例分别配制4种栽培基质:80%泥炭+20%蛭石(T1)、70%泥炭+10%餐厨堆肥+20%蛭石(T2)、60%泥炭+20%餐厨堆肥+20%蛭石(T3)和50%泥炭+30%餐厨堆肥+20%蛭石(T4),并以田园土为对照开展小青菜的栽培试验。从栽培基质的理化性质、小青菜种子萌发、生长状况和品质等4个方面展开研究。[结果]在物理性质方面,随着餐厨堆肥的添加,各处理栽培基质的pH、EC(电导度)和容重表现为明显的上升态势,通气孔隙度呈现出下降现象。至T4处理时,pH、EC和容重相对于T1处理分别上升了46.11%、383.33%和100.00%,而通气孔隙度则相对下降了28.18%。在化学性质方面,随着餐厨堆肥的添加,栽培基质的碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾和有机质含量均呈现出显著的增加,相对于T1处理,T4处理在上述养分含量方面分别提升了44.82%、266.75%、78.56%和27.28%。当餐厨堆肥添加量超过10%时,小青菜种子的发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数均显著低于CK和T1处理,而添加量为10%时则与CK和T1处理无显著差异。在小青菜生长状况方面,添加餐厨堆肥对小青菜的出苗率造成了一定的抑制作用,不同添加梯度对叶绿素含量则未表现出显著的影响,但均显著高于CK。对于叶面积、地上部鲜重和地上部干重而言,添加10%的餐厨堆肥对其并未造成显著的影响,但过量则会导致这3项指标出现明显的下降现象,当添加量为30%时,上述指标相对于T1处理分别下降了43.13%、63.56%和74.68%,相较于CK无显著差异。在小青菜品质方面,随着餐厨堆肥的添加,可溶性蛋白质、可溶性总糖和有机酸含量均出现了显著增加,T4处理相对于T1处理在上述指标分别增加了36.08%、27.66%和53.57%。[结论]70%泥炭+10%餐厨堆肥+20%蛭石的栽培基质配方对小青菜的品质指标具有明显�[Objective]To investigate the effect of a cultivation substrate made from kitchen waste compost instead of partial peat on the cultivation of Brassica chinensis.[Method]In indoor pots,four substrates were prepared by volume:80%peat+20%vermiculite(T1),70%peat+10%kitchen waste compost+20%vermiculite(T2),60%peat+20%kitchen waste compost+20%vermiculite(T3),and 50%peat+30%kitchen waste compost+20%vermiculite(T4).Garden soil was used as a control.The research was divided into four sections:physicochemical properties of the cultivation substrate,germination of B.chinensis,growth conditions,and quality.[Result]The addition of kitchen waste compost changed the physicochemical properties of the cultivation substrates significantly.In terms of physical properties,the addition of kitchen waste compost increased the pH,EC,and unit weight of the cultivated substrates while decreasing the aeration porosity in each treatment.The T4 treatment increased pH,EC,and unit weight by 46.11%,383.33%,and 100.00%,respectively,compared to the T1 treatment,while decreasing aeration porosity by 28.18%.In terms of chemical properties,the cultivated substrate showed a significant increase in alkaline nitrogen,effective phosphorus,fast-acting potassium,and organic matter with the addition of kitchen waste compost,with the T4 treatment showing an increase of 44.82%,266.75%,78.56%,and 27.28%in the above nutrient contents compared to the T1 treatment.Meanwhile,the addition of kitchen waste compost to the cultivation substrate had a significant effect on the seed germination and growth of B.chinensis.When the addition of kitchen waste compost exceeded 10%,the germination rate,germination potential,and germination index of B.chinensis seeds were significantly lower than those of the CK and T1 treatments,while there was no significant difference with the CK and T1 treatments at 10%addition.The amount of soluble protein,total soluble sugar,and organic acid significantly increased with the addition of kitchen waste compost;the T4 treatment showed increa

关 键 词：餐厨废弃物 餐厨堆肥 小青菜 栽培基质 品质 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]