桃仁中抗血栓活性成分的筛选与鉴定  

Screening and Identification of Antithrombotic Active Components from Peach Kernels

作　　者：贺宇 徐德平[1] HE Yu;XU Deping(School of Food Science and Technology,Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122,China)

机构地区：[1]江南大学食品学院,江苏无锡214122

出　　处：《食品与生物技术学报》2025年第1期54-60,共7页Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项项目(JUSRP21127)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究桃仁的抗血栓功效与成分,为桃仁预防血栓形成提供理论依据。【方法】分别用体积分数70%的乙醇和去离子水进行提取,不同色谱柱进行分离,利用大鼠的动静脉旁路血栓模型和体外抗血小板聚集试验并结合分子对接分析,筛选出桃仁抗血栓活性成分,并利用核磁共振(nuclear magnetic resonance,NMR)技术鉴定其结构。【结果】桃仁水提物经MCI柱层析得到的体积分数10%乙醇洗脱物可显著降低大鼠的血栓质量(P<0.05),再经ODS柱层析分离,纯化得到5个单体化合物,分别为扁桃酸-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(化合物1)、1-β-D-葡萄糖苷亚苯基-2-β-D-葡萄糖苷酸(化合物2)、3(-3-吲哚基)丁酸(化合物3)、α-羟基丙酸(化合物4)和dl-扁桃酸(化合物5)。体外测试结果表明,化合物1、2、5均可显著抑制因二磷酸腺苷(adenosine diphosphate,ADP)诱导引起的血小板聚集(P<0.05),其中化合物5的作用最强,抑制率达到48.67%。【结论】该研究证实了dl-扁桃酸为桃仁抗血栓功效的主要活性成分。[Objective]The purpose of this study is to study the antithrombotic effect and composition of peach kernels and provide a theoretical basis for preventing thrombogenesis by peach kernels.[Method]The active components of peach kernels were extracted by ethanol at a volume fraction of 70%and deionized water and separated by multiple chromatography techniques.The antithrombotic components were screened by a rat model of arteriovenous bypass thrombosis and in vitro anti-platelet aggregation test combined with molecular docking.The chemical structures were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy.[Result]The 10%ethanol elute of peach kernel water extract separated by MCI column chromatography significantly reduced the thrombus mass in rats(P<0.05).The subsequent separation with ODS column chromatography led to the isolation of five monomer compounds,including mandelate-β-D-glucopyranoside(compound 1),1-β-D-glucoside phenylidene-2-β-Dglucoside(compound 2),3-(3-indolyl)butyric acid(compound 3),α-hydroxypropionic acid(compound 4),and dlmandelic acid(compound 5).Compounds 1,2,and 5 exhibited inhibitory effects on adenosine diphosphate(ADP)-induced platelet aggregation in vitro(P<0.05).Among them,compound 5 showed the strongest inhibitory effect,with the inhibitory rate reaching 48.67%.[Conclusion]It is proven that dl-mandelic acid is the main active component for the antithrombotic effect of peach kernels.

关 键 词：桃仁 抗血栓 结构鉴定 扁桃酸葡萄糖苷 dl-扁桃酸 

分 类 号：R285[医药卫生—中药学]