隧道压力(承载)拱研究现状与展望  

State-of-art and Prospect of Tunnel Pressure Archs(Load-Bearing Archs)

作　　者：马凯蒙 张俊儒[1] 颜志坚 汪波[1] Ma Kaimeng;Zhang Junru;Yan Zhijian;Wang Bo(School of Civil Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,P.R.China;School of Civil Engineering,Shijiazhuang Tiedao University,Shijiazhuang 050043,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学土木工程学院,成都610031 [2]石家庄铁道大学土木工程学院,石家庄050043

出　　处：《地下空间与工程学报》2025年第2期551-562,共12页Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52478416);高铁联合基金(U2034205)。

摘　　要：随着我国交通网络的发展与施工水平提升,大量高难度隧道的修建推动了隧道工程研究深入发展。压力拱作为围岩承载的主要区域,其范围影响隧道的稳定性,因此有大量针对隧道压力(承载)拱的研究,但却鲜有系统性总结。本文调研了压力拱的研究进展,回顾了发展历史,梳理了研究手段与边界判定方法,其中“切向应力大于原岩应力”的内边界与“切向应力恢复至原岩应力110%”的外边界被广泛认可。压力拱的形成受围岩条件、地应力量级、隧道形状尺寸及施工因素的共同影响。其演变过程分为初始压力拱、分离压力拱、稳定压力拱与塌落压力拱4种状态,施工支护的目标是避免塌落压力拱的出现。围岩压力与压力拱范围的关系表明,岩类隧道支护结构主要提供形变压力以保持围岩稳定,土类隧道支护结构主要受压力拱内土体的松散荷载。未来研究应完善成拱机制,探究非均质岩体中压力拱分布规律及三维动态形态。With the development of China's transportation network and the improvement of construction techniques,the construction of numerous high-difficulty tunnels has driven the in-depth advancement of tunnel engineering research.As the primary load-bearing region of the surrounding rock,the range of the pressure arch significantly impacts tunnel stability.Although extensive studies on tunnel pressure(bearing)arches exist,systematic reviews in this field remain scarce.This paper reviews the research progress on pressure arches,tracing their historical development and summarizing research methods and boundary determination criteria.Among these,the inner boundary defined by“tangential stress greater than the original rock stress”and the outer boundary defined by“tangential stress recovering to 110% of the original rock stress”are widely recognized.The formation of the pressure arch is influenced by the interplay of surrounding rock conditions,in-situ stress magnitude,tunnel shape and size,and construction factors.Its evolution process can be categorized into four states:initial pressure arch,separated pressure arch,stable pressure arch,and collapsed pressure arch.The primary goal of construction support is to prevent the occurrence of the collapsed pressure arch state.The relationship between surrounding rock pressure and the range of the pressure arch reveals that the support structure in rock tunnels mainly provides deformation pressure to maintain the stability of the surrounding rock,whereas in soil tunnels,the support structure primarily resists the loose load within the pressure arch.Future research should focus on improving the arch formation mechanism,investigating the distribution of pressure arches in heterogeneous rock masses,and exploring the three-dimensional dynamic morphology of pressure arches.

关 键 词：隧道工程 压力(承载)拱 研究综述 成拱条件 动态演变 围岩压力 

分 类 号：U45[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]