中美人工智能产业竞争力比较分析与中国政策选择——基于产业链与价值链双链融合视角  

A Comparative Analysis of the Competitiveness of the China-US AI Industry and China′s Choice of Policy:Based on an Integrated Perspective of Industry Chain and Value Chain

作　　者：武昊 吴永红[2] Wu Hao;Wu Yonghong

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国际关系学院,北京100872 [2]四川大学经济学院,四川成都610065

出　　处：《天府新论》2025年第3期18-33,153,154,共18页New Horizons from Tianfu

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“全球人工智能治理及中国应对战略研究”(编号:24AGJ004);教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“亚太自贸区建设与中国国际战略研究”(编号:15JZD037)。

摘　　要：人工智能产业竞争已经成为中美两国科技博弈的核心领域。全面提升人工智能产业国际竞争力,对于中国增强科技自主创新能力,提升大国科技竞争和全球价值链竞争的优势地位具有重要意义。本文从基础支撑力、创新驱动力、规模辐射力、产业融合力四个维度对中美两国人工智能产业竞争力进行系统性比较分析。研究发现,美国凭借硬件基础设施、核心算法技术、先期产业基础、知识创新体系、资本市场支撑及顶尖人才储备等优势,在全球人工智能产业链和价值链中处于实质性领先地位。中国依托庞大的国内市场、丰富的数据资源、多元应用场景以及政府政策支持,在人工智能产业的一些重要领域比肩美国,展现出强劲的竞争力。在全球人工智能产业格局加速演变的背景下,中国应补齐和加强产业链条的薄弱环节以构建完整的人工智能产业链,优化产业政策和营商环境并引导相关利益主体进入,积极培养、引进并留住高层次人才,通过技术、资源、市场共享创造更多的国际合作机会以扩大竞争优势。The competition in the artificial intelligence(AI)industry has become a core area of technological competition between China and the United States.Comprehensively enhancing the international competitiveness of the AI industry is of great significance for China to strengthen its independent technological innovation capabilities,and enhance its advantageous position in the competition of great powers in science and technology,and the global value chain.This paper conducts a systematic comparative analysis of the AI industrial competitiveness between China and the United States from four dimensions of basic support,innovation drive,scale radiation and industrial integration.The findings indicate that the United States maintains a substantial leading position in the global AI industry chain and value chain,thanks to its advantages in hardware infrastructure,core algorithm technology,early-stage industrial foundation,knowledge innovation system,capital market support,and top talent reserves.Meanwhile,China,relying on its vast domestic market,abundant data resources,diverse application scenarios,and government policy support,has demonstrated strong competitiveness in some key areas of AI industry,comparable to the United States.Against the backdrop of the accelerated evolution of the global AI industry landscape,China should fill in and strengthen the weak links in the industry chain to build a complete AI industry chain,optimize industry policies and business environment,and guide relevant stakeholders into the sector.Moreover,China should actively cultivate,introduce,and retain high-level talents,create more international cooperation opportunities through the share of technology,resources,and market.

关 键 词：人工智能 产业竞争力 大国竞争 全球价值链 

分 类 号：F124.3[经济管理—世界经济]