丹尼尔·卡尼曼的心理学思想和学术遗产  

Daniel Kahneman’s Psychological Thoughts and Academic Legacy

作　　者：徐富明 刘安宁 Xu Fuming;Liu Anning(Faculty of Education,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming 650500;School of Education Science,Nanning Normal University,Nanning 530299)

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学教育学部,昆明650500 [2]南宁师范大学教育科学学院,南宁530299

出　　处：《心理学探新》2025年第2期99-106,共8页Psychological Exploration

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(72164028、71971103);边疆民族地区学生心理适应与发展研究创新团队(2023年)研究成果。

摘　　要：本文全面概述了丹尼尔·卡尼曼的心理学思想以及对心理学、经济学和行为公共政策做出的重要贡献。首先,本文对卡尼曼在视觉注意与努力、启发式与偏差、预测理论与框架效应、禀赋效应与公平判断、体验效用与心理幸福感等方面作出的开创性贡献进行了梳理与概述。其次,本文系统总结了卡尼曼基于实证研究所提炼出的应用心理学解答并指导社会现实问题的典型事例。最后,本文归纳出卡尼曼对待科学研究的与时俱进和精益求精精神、自我质疑与批判性思维、积极开放心态与乐于对抗性合作的学术人格。综上,卡尼曼的心理学思想不仅加深了人们对理性、思维与决策的认识,而且促成了心理学与经济学等相关学科的深度融合,更对重大公共政策和社会现实问题具有深刻的启示意义和重要的指导价值。This paper provides a comprehensive overview of Daniel Kahneman’s psychological thoughts and his seminal contributions to psychology,economics,and behavioral public policy.Firstly,it systematically reviews and synthesizes Kahneman’s pioneering work across domains including visual attention and effort,heuristics and biases,prospect theory and framing effect,endowment effect and fairness judgment,as well as experienced utility and psychological well-being.Secondly,it critically examines representative case studies in which Kahneman translated empirical findings into applied psychological solutions to address real-world societal issues.Finally,it highlights Kahneman’s distinctive academic personality—characterized by intellectual evolution and rigor,self-questioning and critical thinking,and a collaborative spirit embracing adversarial dialogue.In sum,Kahneman’s psychological insights have not only deepened our understanding of rationality,cognition,and decision-making but also catalyzed interdisciplinary integration between psychology and economics.Furthermore,his work offers profound implications and practical guidance for addressing critical public policy issues and social dilemmas.

关 键 词：启发式与偏差 预期理论 框架效应 心理幸福感 

分 类 号：B8409[哲学宗教—心理学]