尿外泌体非编码RNA在特发性膜性肾病中的研究进展  

Research advances of urinary exosomal non-coding RNAs in idiopathic membranous nephropathy

作　　者：高枫 宫佩琪 尹敏[1] 李娜[1] 刘锋[1] GAO Feng;GONG Peiqi;YIN Min;LI Na;LIU Feng(Nephrology Diagnosis and Treatment Center,China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University,Changchun 130033,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学中日联谊医院肾病诊疗中心,吉林长春130033

出　　处：《中国实验诊断学》2025年第4期471-476,共6页Chinese Journal of Laboratory Diagnosis

基　　金：吉林省科技发展计划项目(YDZJ202301ZYTS018)。

摘　　要：特发性膜性肾病(IMN)是肾病综合征最常见的病理类型,其特征为肾小球系膜广泛增厚和电子致密物沉积。现有诊断方法具有创伤性,迫切需要开发新型无创生物标志物。本综述系统探讨了尿外泌体非编码RNA在特发性膜性肾病发病机制和诊断中的研究进展。综述重点分析了微小RNA(miRNA)、长非编码RNA(lncRNA)和环状RNA(circRNA)三类非编码RNA的分子机制。研究发现,这些尿外泌体非编码RNA在揭示IMN复杂的免疫学过程,包括免疫复合物沉积、肾小球损伤和足细胞损伤等方面具有重要意义。研究结果表明,这些非编码RNA作为潜在的诊断生物标志物,为IMN的分子机制研究和精准诊疗提供了新思路。Idiopathic membranous nephropathy(IMN)is a predominant pathological type of nephrotic syndrome in adults,characterizing widespread glomerular membrane thickening and electron-dense deposit formation.Current diagnostic methods are invasive,necessitating novel non-invasive biomarkers.This comprehensive review systematically explores the emerging role of urinary exosomal non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)in IMN pathogenesis and potential diagnostic applications.The review critically examines three primary ncRNA categories:microRNAs(miRNAs),long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs),and circular RNAs(circRNAs).The studies have found that these urinary exosomal non-coding RNAs are of great significance in revealing the complex immunological processes of IMN,including the deposition of immune complexes,glomerular injury,and podocyte injury.The research results indicate that these non-coding RNAs,as potential diagnostic biomarkers,provide new insights into the study of the molecular mechanisms of IMN and its precise diagnosis and treatment.

关 键 词：特发性膜性肾病 外泌体 非编码RNA 生物标志物 

分 类 号：R692[医药卫生—泌尿科学]