权衡而非涵摄:《反不正当竞争法》第2条的适用逻辑偏差与矫正  

Tradeoff rather than subsumption:the deviation and correction in the application logic of Article 2 of the Anti-Unfair Competition Law of the People's Republic of China

作　　者：刘继峰[1] 缪慧 LIU Jifeng;MIAO Hui(China University of Political Science and Law,Civil,Commercial and Economic Law School,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学民商经济法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《海南大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2025年第3期235-248,共14页Journal of Hainan University (Humanities & Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(20AZD107)。

摘　　要：司法实践中适用《反不正当竞争法》第2条认定不正当竞争行为时,倾向于采用主客观构成要件涵摄式的裁判模式,这与该条作为原则条款的规范属性发生了偏离--法律原则适用的核心在于权衡。适用逻辑偏差的结果就是造成第2条在适用效果上的价值失衡--重权益保护而轻竞争自由。适用逻辑偏差的原因在于对一般条款的规范性质认识不清。由此,需要在明确第2条作为原则型一般条款的前提下,对该条的司法适用逻辑偏差予以矫正--从涵摄向权衡归位,并且需要通过严谨的程序约束保障权衡模式在该条适用中有效展开。In the judicial practice,when Article 2 of the Anti-Unfair Competition Law of the People's Republic of China is applied to determine unfair competition,the subsumption model,in which the facts of cases are subsumed under the subjective and objective constituent elements,tends to be adopted.However,this deviates from the normative attribute of Article 2 as a principle provision since the core of the application of legal principles lies in tradeoff.The result of the deviation in the application logic is the value imbalance in the application effect of Article 2,emphasizing the protection of rights and interests over the freedom of competition.The reason for the deviation in the application logic lies in the obscure understandings of the normative nature of the general provisions.Therefore,the logical deviation of the judicial application of Article 2 needs to be corrected from subsumption to tradeoff in the context of clarifying it as a principlebased general provision.And there is a need for strict procedural constraints to ensure that the tradeoff model unfolds effectively in the application of this article.

关 键 词：原则型一般条款 涵摄模式 权衡模式 

分 类 号：D922.294[政治法律—经济法学]