锂离子动力电池热管理技术分析  

Analysis of thermal management technologies for lithium-ion power batteries

作　　者：李海强 常宏 马天翼 LI Haiqiang;CHANG Hong;MA Tianyi(CATARC New Energy Vehicle Test Center(Tianjin)Co.,Ltd.,Tianjin,300300,China)

机构地区：[1]中汽研新能源汽车检验中心(天津)有限公司,天津300300

出　　处：《电池工业》2025年第2期77-86,共10页Chinese Battery Industry

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFE0207300);天津市科技项目(24ZYJDSS00140);天津市科技人才项目(QN20230201)。

摘　　要：近年来,锂离子动力电池在安全性、充电速度、续航里程和使用寿命等方面取得了显著进展,这很大程度上促进了新能源汽车的发展,而这些方面的进展都离不开热管理技术的革新。锂离子动力电池在高低温状态下由热管理系统对其进行冷却或加热,使其在适宜的温度范围内充放电,这不仅能够消除充放电过程中产生的热量堆积,还能够防止低温充电时析锂造成的安全风险,同时也能够缩短充电时间、提高续航里程、延长使用寿命。本文综述了锂离子动力电池的多种热管理技术,包括风冷、液冷、相变材料换热等,并分析了其优缺点,为未来热管理技术的研究提供参考。In recent years,significant breakthroughs have been achieved in aspects such as the safety,charging time,cruising range,and service life of lithium-ion power batteries.This has greatly promoted the development of new energy vehicles,and these breakthroughs are inseparable from the innovation of lithium-ion power battery thermal management technology.Under high and low temperature conditions,the thermal management system cools or heats the lithium-ion power battery,enabling it to charge and discharge within an appropriate temperature range.This not only eliminates the heat accumulation generated during the charging and discharging process of the lithium-ion power battery,but also prevents the safety risks caused by lithium plating during charging at low temperatures.At the same time,it can shorten the charging time,increase the cruising range,and extend the service life.This paper reviews various thermal management technologies for lithium-ion power batteries,including air cooling,liquid cooling,heat transfer using phase-change materials,etc.,and analyzes their advantages and disadvantages,providing a reference for future research on thermal management technologies.

关 键 词：锂离子动力电池 热管理技术 换热效率 安全性 新能源汽车 电池热失控 

分 类 号：TM911[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]