磷酸铁锂储能模组燃烧特性及灭火剂抑制效果研究  

Study on the combustion characteristics of lithium iron phosphate energy storage modules and the suppression effects of fire extinguishing agents

作　　者：张磊 黄昊 马天翼 付巧宇 张永丰 ZHANG Lei;HUANG Hao;MA Tianyi;FU Qiaoyu;ZHANG Yongfeng(Shanghai Fire Research Institute of MEM,Shanghai,200032,China;China Automotive Technology and Research center co.,Ltd.,Tianjin,300300,China;Hubei Jiandun Fire Technology Co.,Ltd.,Yichang,Hubei Province,443000,China)

机构地区：[1]应急管理部上海消防研究所,上海200032 [2]中国汽车技术研究中心有限公司,天津300300 [3]湖北及安盾消防科技有限公司,湖北宜昌443000

出　　处：《电池工业》2025年第2期102-109,121,共9页Chinese Battery Industry

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3009900);中央基本科研业务费项目(25SX00)。

摘　　要：锂离子电池的热失控、燃烧特性及其抑制技术是保障电化学储能安全发展的重要支撑。本文以16串1并的100 Ah磷酸铁锂电池模组为研究对象,开展了外部加热条件下的热失控、燃烧特性实验,获取了热失控温度、失控—燃烧转变特征,并在此基础上对比了全氟己酮和热气溶胶灭火剂对该类火的灭火效能。研究结果显示,100 Ah磷酸铁锂电池模组发生热失控时,加热面的温度为225℃,热失控最高温度为523℃,电池着火时的点火能主要来自模组内的电气短路。全氟己酮灭火剂的灭火时间约为9 s,具有一定的降温能力,药剂喷射后的最大降温幅度为78℃,但电池模组内的温度仍超150℃,且在灭火后模组发生了复燃。热气溶胶的灭火性能优于全氟己酮,灭火时间约为1 s,且灭火后模组无复燃,但其降温效果不明显。全氟己酮和热气溶胶均能扑灭模组内明火,但不能抑制模组热失控蔓延,且无法有效抑制电池模组外部的电解液流淌火,在消防设计时应注重电池模组内外部的综合防护。The thermal runaway,combustion characteristics,and suppression technology of lithiumion batteries are important supports for ensuring the safe development of electrochemical energy storage.The thermal runaway and combustion characteristics experiments were conducted of a 100 Ah lithium iron phosphate battery module with 16 strings and 1 parallel under external heating conditions.The thermal runaway temperature and runaway combustion transition characteristics were obtained.On this basis,the fire extinguishing efficiency of perfluorohexane and hot aerosol fire extinguishing agents for this type of fire was compared and studied.As the result shows,during the thermal runaway of the 100 Ah lithium iron phosphate energy storage module,the temperature of the heating surface was 225℃,and the highest temperature of thermal runaway was 523℃.The ignition energy when the battery caught fire mainly came from the electrical short circuit inside the module.The extinguishing time of perfluorohexane fire extinguishing agent was about 9 s,and it had a certain cooling ability.The maximum cooling amplitude after spraying the agent was 78℃,but the temperature inside the battery module still exceeded 150℃.The module reignited after extinguishing the fire.The fire extinguishing performance of hot aerosol was better than that of perfluorohexane,with a fire extinguishing time of about 1 s.The module does not reignite after extinguishing the fire,but its cooling ability was not significant.Both perfluorohexane and hot aerosol could extinguish fires inside the module,but could not blocked the spread of thermal runaway in the module.They also could not effectively suppress electrolyte flow fires outside the battery module.Therefore,comprehensive protection of the inside and outside of the battery module should be emphasized in fire protection design.

关 键 词：磷酸铁锂电池模组 热失控 燃烧 全氟己酮 热气溶胶 灭火效能 

分 类 号：TM911[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]