锂离子电池热滥用测试方法研究  

Research on thermal abuse testing methods for lithium-ion batteries

作　　者：张晋杰 李丹华 姜成龙 王志豪 刘磊 ZHANG Jinjie;LI Danhua;JIANG Chenglong;WANG Zhihao;LIU Lei(CATARC New Energy Vehicle Research and Inspection Center(Tianjin)Co.,Ltd.,Tianjin,300302,China;China Automotive Technology and Research Center Co.,Ltd.,Tianjin,300300,China)

机构地区：[1]中汽研新能源汽车检验中心(天津)有限公司,天津300302 [2]中国汽车技术研究中心有限公司,天津300300

出　　处：《电池工业》2025年第2期122-128,共7页Chinese Battery Industry

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFE0207300);天津市青年科技人才项目(24ZYJDSS00140)。

摘　　要：本研究探讨了三元材料和磷酸铁锂(LFP)材料两种体系的锂离子电池在热箱加热及绝热条件下加热的热失控行为。在两种热滥用测试条件下,LFP电池相比三元电池表现出更好的热稳定性,且两种电池在两种实验工况下表现出了相同的热特性差异。实验发现,两种电池在绝热条件下触发热失控的时间远大于热箱的加热时间。相比于绝热条件,热箱条件下样品除自身产热外,还会受到外部高温环境的热量注入,导致样品总加热速率更高,内部化学反应更活跃,更容易触发热失控。因此三元样品和LFP样品在热箱条件下的热失控触发温度均低于绝热条件,同时达到热失控触发所用的时间更短。由于三元样品和LFP样品在两种热滥用工况下热失控触发前的孕育期不同,能量流失也不同,导致两种样品的热失控最高温度在两种热滥用工况下表现也不同。This study examined the thermal runaway behavior of two types of lithium-ion batteries,ternary and lithium iron phosphate,under heated oven and adiabatic conditions.Under both thermal abuse testing conditions,the lithium iron phosphate battery demonstrated superior thermal stability compared to the ternary battery.Batteries of both material systems exhibited similar differences in thermal characteristics under the two experimental conditions.The time to trigger thermal runaway in both types of batteries under adiabatic heating conditions was significantly longer than that in the heated oven,and the overall heating rate in the oven was higher than that in adiabatic heating.In both experimental conditions,the initial stage involved heating the battery through stepwise temperature increases in the environment,resulting in similar failure temperatures under both conditions.Additionally,the thermal runaway temperature under adiabatic conditions was higher than that in the heated oven for both battery types.Regarding the maximum temperature during thermal runaway,the performance of the ternary and lithium iron phosphate batteries differed under the two thermal abuse conditions:the maximum thermal runaway temperature for the ternary battery was higher in the heated oven than in adiabatic heating,whereas the lithium iron phosphate battery showed the opposite trend.

关 键 词：锂离子电池 热滥用 热失控 三元材料 磷酸铁锂 

分 类 号：TM911[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]