航空发动机精锻叶片榫头加工夹具设计  

Design of Jig and Fixture for Machining Precision Forged Blade Tenons of Aeroengine

作　　者：张申 梁嘉炜 吴动波 王辉[4] 赵兵 许立君 周奋 ZHANG Shen;LIANG Jiawei;WU Dongbo;WANG Hui;ZHAO Bing;XU Lijun;ZHOU Fen(School of Mechanical Engineering,Qinghai University,Xining,810016;Department of Mechanical Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing,100084;Institute for Aero Engine,Tsinghua University,Beijing,100084;Institute for Aero Engine,Beihang University,Beijing,100191;AECC Aviation Power Co.,Ltd.,Xi'an,710021)

机构地区：[1]青海大学机械工程学院,西宁810016 [2]清华大学机械工程系,北京100084 [3]清华大学航空发动机研究院,北京100084 [4]北京航空航天大学航空发动机研究院,北京100191 [5]中国航发动力股份有限公司,西安710021

出　　处：《中国机械工程》2025年第4期703-714,共12页China Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52305482);中国航发集团自主创新专项资金(ZZCS-2022-022);中国航发集团产学研合作项目(HFZL2020CXY020)。

摘　　要：航空发动机精锻叶片是典型的复杂曲面薄壁零件,对叶片榫头进行铣削加工时,不仅定位困难而且极易产生变形和振动。针对上述问题,提出了精锻叶片多点夹紧的夹具设计方法,并设计了一种低应力硬装夹工装夹具。利用静力学分析对装夹位置进行优化,对仿形元件材料进行选取,对装夹方式进行优化。通过模态测试试验和振动测试试验测试夹具效果。试验结果表明,采用仿形元件后,系统的低频段幅值减小了50%,高频段幅值减小了75%,一阶共振频率由210 Hz提高至402 Hz,峰值下阻尼比由17.4%提高至25.9%,振动位移信号有效值减小了35%,加工误差范围减小了59%。Precision forged blades of aeroengine were a typical thin-walled parts with complex curved surface.When milling the blade tenons,it was difficult to locate and easy to produce deformations and vibrations.Aiming at the above problems,a design method of multi-point clamping fixture for precision forged blades was proposed,and a low stress hard clamping fixture was designed.Static analysis was used to optimize the clamping position,select the coping element materials and optimize the clamping method.The effectiveness of the fixture was tested by modal tests and vibration tests.The results show that the low-band amplitude of the system is reduced by 50%,the high-band amplitude by 75%,the first-order resonance frequency is increased from 210 Hz to 402 Hz,the damping ratio under the peak value is increased from 17.4%to 25.9%,the effective value of vibration displacement signals is reduced by 35%,and the machining error margin is reduced by 59%.

关 键 词：航空发动机叶片 夹具 有限元分析 装夹方案 模态测试 

分 类 号：V263[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航制造工程]