“突进他们精神的深处”——延安时期柳青“生活”观念之转变及其文学实践  

“Penetrating into the Depths of Their Spirit”:A Study of Liu Qing’s Change of Concept of“Life”and His Literary Practices in the Yan’an Period

作　　者：卢思宇 Lu Siyu

机构地区：[1]四川大学文学与新闻学院

出　　处：《中国文艺评论》2025年第4期100-111,I0003,I0004,共14页China Literature and Art Criticism

摘　　要：“深入生活”作为延安文艺的一项核心概念,在毛泽东同志《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》对其作出具体论述并经由制度化的“下乡”将其推广之前,实际上始终含义不明。延安知识分子结合自身经验,对“深入生活”形成了不同理解,这其中又以柳青的“生活”观念与文学实践之变化最为独特。《误会》等前期作品主要取材自柳青在战地的“考察生活”,《在故乡》等过渡期作品反映出柳青由难以融入的“战地”走向“乡土”的过程,《种谷记》等后期作品则是“长期在工农群众中生活”之所得。通过解读《地雷》集、《种谷记》诸作,可对柳青从“体验生活”到“深入生活”的“生活”观念之变作出更为清晰的考察,完成这一转变的关键即在于“突进他们精神的深处”。“深入生活”并不意味着作家的“去主体化”,而是对自身主体性进行调适的过程。柳青延安时期独特的“深入生活”实践不仅为后续“柳青道路”的生成奠定了基础,而且为回答新时代文艺如何“深深融入人民生活”的命题提供了行动层面的良好参照。As a core concept of Yan’an literature and art,“going to the depths of life”remained in a state of“uncertainty”until Mao Zedong’s Talks at the Yan’an Forum on Literature and Art specifically discussed it and promoted it through the institutionalized“going to the countryside”.The Yan’an intellectuals had different understandings of“penetrating to the depths of life”based on their own experiences.Among them,Liu Qing’s changes in the concept of“life”and literary practice are the most unique.Wu Hui(Misunderstanding)and other early works are mainly based on Liu Qing’s“experiencing life”in the war zone,while transitional works such as Zai Guxiang(In the Hometown)reflect Liu Qing’s transition from the difficult-to-integrate“battlefield”to the“hometown”,while later works such as Zhong Guji(The Story of Sowing Grain)are the result of his“long life among the workers and peasants”.By interpreting the works of Di Lei(Landmine)and Zhong Guji,we can make a clearer examination of Liu Qing’s change in the concept of“life”from“experiencing life”to“penetrating to the depths of life”,and the key to completing this change lies in“penetrating into the depths of their spirit”.“Penetrating to the depths of life”does not mean that writers“de-subjectivize”themselves,but rather,it is a process of debugging their own subjectivity.Liu Qing’s unique life and literary practice during the Yan’an period not only laid a foundation for the subsequent formation of the“Liu Qing Road”,but also provided a good reference at the action level for answering the proposition of how literature and art can be“deeply integrated into people’s lives”in the New Era.

关 键 词：柳青 《地雷》 《种谷记》 深入生活 

分 类 号：I206.6[文学—中国文学]