汉语语气与言语行为层的关系  

A Relationship of Mood and the Speech Act Layer in Chinese

作　　者：邓思颖[1] TANG Sze-Wing(The Chinese University of Hong Kong,China)

机构地区：[1]香港中文大学,中国香港

出　　处：《当代语言学》2025年第2期175-186,共12页Contemporary Linguistics

基　　金：香港特别行政区研究资助局优配研究金(General Research Fund,GRF)“Sentence-Final Particles in Cantonese Interrogatives:An Interface Study”(14621719);教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目“句法-语用界面的多语种研究”(22JJD740020)的资助。

摘　　要：汉语语气词是无声成分,包含现实和非现实的特征,既通过句内其他成分来辨识,也需跟位于言语行为层的成分构成匹配关系。本文利用普通话和粤方言的句末助词和其他边缘成分,重点探讨语气词和言语行为层的关系。通过制图理论框架下的分析,本文期望能对语气和其他概念纠缠不清的关系作出系统的分析。This paper investigates the syntactic category of Mood in Chinese,which is silent but whose features,such as realis and irrealis,are identified and recovered through other elements within a sentence.These features must also match the elements associated with the speech act layer.The study focuses on selected sentence-final particles(SFPs)and other peripheral elements in both Mandarin and Cantonese to explore the relationship between Mood and the speech act layer in syntax.Under a cartographic framework,the paper aims to clarify some confusing concepts related to mood and provide a more systematic analysis of mood in Chinese.The discussion in this paper is based on several assumptions:first,there is a distinction between mood and speech acts in both semantics and syntax;second,in syntactic structure,Mood is lower,while Speech Act is higher;third,Mood has cross-linguistic universality.If Mood exists in Chinese,what is its relationship with the speech act layer?This paper starts with irrealis mood to address this question and explores the relationship between Mood and the speech act layer in Chinese syntax.The SFP le in Mandarin and he SFPs e"la'and e"ha"in Cantonese,as wellas the honorific qing(请)"please'that is used in Mandarin root sentences are examined to demonstrate the relationship between Mood and the speech act layer.Even though these elements are at the root level and have wide scope,they must match the features of Mood and cannot cancel or override the original features of Mood.It is argued that the so-called"integrated syntactic concept"of expressing mood in Chinese is fundamentally based on the realis and irrealis features that Mood bears.Although Chinese lacks verbal morphological marking for mood,it has silent Mood whose features are identified through other sentence elements,such as verbal suffixes and modality within the predicate.The relationship between Mood and the speech act layer is one of matching.Elements at the speech act layer,such as SFPs and the honorific qing,cannot express mood indepe

关 键 词：语气 言语行为层 句末助词 制图理论 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]